外生菌根真菌对森林土壤有机质形成和分解的影响研究进展  

Research advances in the impacts of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the formation and decomposition of soil organic matter in forests

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作  者:余书捷 沈蓉 林敦梅[1] YU Shujie;SHEN Rong;LIN Dunmei(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Yunnan Forestry Technological College,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区:[1]重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]云南林业职业技术学院,昆明650224

出  处:《应用生态学报》2025年第3期943-949,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基  金:重庆市技术创新与应用示范专项重点研发项目(cstc2018jszx-zdyfxmx0007)资助。

摘  要:外生菌根(EcM)真菌是土壤真菌的重要功能群之一,在土壤有机质(SOM)的形成、稳定和分解中发挥重要作用。本文综述了EcM真菌参与森林生态系统SOM的形成、稳定和分解的主要过程和机制。植物将一部分光合产物分配给共生的EcM真菌,EcM真菌以菌际分泌物或死亡残体的形式输入土壤参与SOM的形成,其活动促进土壤团粒结构的形成和SOM的稳定。EcM真菌通过分泌胞外酶或通过驱动芬顿反应产生羟基自由基进而直接驱动SOM的分解,通过促进腐生菌的活动(激发效应)或抑制腐生菌的活动(Gadgil效应)间接促进或抑制SOM的分解。EcM真菌在SOM形成中的作用尚未得到精确量化,现有研究多集中在欧洲和北美,且使用不同的技术方法使得各地数据难以整合。未来研究应采用统一的技术方法,开展跨区域联合研究。当前对EcM真菌分解有机质的认知主要基于实验室培养的少数物种,未来研究应涵盖更多种类的EcM真菌并在自然环境下探讨其在不同土壤类型和森林群落中的作用。此外,EcM真菌与腐生菌的相互作用对SOM动态有重要影响,未来应深入研究其对气候、土壤和植被的响应,从而更好地理解它们在土壤碳循环中的作用。Ectomycorrhizal(EcM)fungi are one of the important functional groups of soil fungi,playing a crucial role in the formation,stabilization,and decomposition of soil organic matter(SOM).We summarized the main processes and mechanisms by which EcM fungi contribute to SOM formation,stabilization,and decomposition in forests.Plants allocate a portion of photosynthetic products to symbiotic EcM fungi,which participate in SOM formation by importing them into the soil in the form of mycorrhizal exudates or necromass,whose activities promote the formation of soil aggregate structure and SOM stabilization.EcM fungi decompose SOM directly by secreting extracellular enzymes or by driving the Fenton reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals.They also influence SOM decomposition indirectly by enhancing the activity of saprotrophic fungi(priming effect)or inhibiting their activity(Gadgil effect).The precise quantification of EcM fungi's role in SOM formation remains unclear.Most available studies are concentrated in Europe and North America,but the difference in methodologies makes it difficult to integrate data across regions.Future research should adopt standardized techniques and promote cross-regional collaborative studies.Current understanding of EcM fungi's role in SOM decomposition is mainly based on a few laboratory-cultured species.Future studies should include a broader range of EcM fungal species and investigate their roles in natural environments,particularly in different soil types and forest communities.In addition,the interactions between EcM fungi and saprotrophic fungi have significant impacts on SOM dynamics.Future research should explore the responses of EcM fungi to climate,soil and vegetation in depth to better understand their role in soil carbon cycling.

关 键 词:外生菌根真菌 土壤有机质 有机质积累 有机质分解 

分 类 号:S15[农业科学—土壤学]

 

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