基于安全视距的高速公路隧道入口区域交通安全改善实例研究  

Case Study of Improving Traffic Safety in the Highway Tunnel Entrance based on Safe Sight Distance

作　　者：余亮 邓温悌 杜志刚[2,3] 杨永正 YU Liang;DENG Wen-ti;DU Zhi-gang;YANG Yong-zheng(Jiangluo Branch of Guangdong Provincial Highway Construction Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou 510o00,China;School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430061,China;Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Transportation Information and Safety Education,Wuhan 43006l,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省公路建设有限公司江罗分公司,广州市510000 [2]武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院,武汉市430061 [3]交通信息与安全教育部工程研究中心,武汉市430061

出　　处：《公路》2025年第3期230-237,共8页Highway

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目,项目编号52072291;国家留学高水平公派研究生项目基金,项目编号202306950072。

摘　　要：为保障隧道入口区域的交通安全,分析了隧道入口视觉环境,并从安全视距的角度制定隧道入口交通安全改善方案。安全视距包括识别视距、停车视距与黑洞效应适应距离,基于不同视距将隧道入口区域进行分段,并按照不同分段改善重构视觉参照系,形成多层次、立体化、连续一致的视觉参照系。在隧道入口安全改造前后,开展两批次的实车实验与问卷调查,对比分析改善前后驾驶人的注视特征、扫视特征、车速与感知负荷,探究隧道入口交通安全改善方案的作用效果。结果表明,改善方案能提前警示驾驶人,使驾驶人更早地集中注意力并提前减速,隧道入口区域的车速突变问题得到了有效改善。改善后的驾驶人视觉负荷与认知负荷明显降低,驾驶人扫视频率降低了14.2%,隧道入口交通信息的获取能力有效提升,驾驶人对隧道交通安全的主观评价(NASA认知负荷量表)提高了31.9%。本研究提出了一种高速公路隧道入口区域交通安全改善方案,能提升隧道入口区域交通安全,可供隧道入口提质升级参考使用。To ensure traffic safety in the tunnel entrance area,the visual environment of the tunnel entrance is analyzed,and an improvement plan for traffic safety is formulated from the perspective of safe sight distance.Safe line of sight includes recognition line of sight,stopping line of sight,and black hole effect adaptation distance.The tunnel entrance area is segmented based on different line of sight,and the visual reference system is improved and reconstructed according to different segments,forming a multi-level,three-dimensional,and continuous consistent visual reference system.Before and after the safety renovation at the tunnel entrance,two batches of actual vehicle experiments and questionnaire surveys are conducted to compare and analyze the gaze characteristics,scanning characteristics,vehicle speed,and perceived load before and after the improvement,and to explore the effectiveness of the tunnel entrance traffic safety improvement plan.The results indicate that the improvement plan can provide early warning to drivers,allowing them to concentrate earlier and slow down earlier.The problem of sudden speed changes in the tunnel entrance area has been effectively improved.After improvement,the visual and cognitive load of drivers significantly decrease,with a 14.2%decrease in video scanning rate,and the ability to obtain traffic information at the tunnel entrance is effectively improved,and the subjective evaluation of tunnel traffic safety(NASA-TLX)increases by 31.9%.This study proposes a traffic safety improvement plan for the entrance area of highway tunnels,which can enhance the traffic safety of the tunnel entrance area and can be used as a reference for upgrading the quality of tunnel entrances.

关 键 词：隧道入口 安全视距 视觉诱导设施 驾驶人因 交通安全 

分 类 号：U491.5[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]