2000—2020年内蒙古高原国土空间演化生态效应及其影响因素  

The ecological effects of territorial spatial evolution and its influencing factors in the Inner Mongolia Plateau from 2000 to 2020

作　　者：魏伟[1,2,3] 王雅宁 尹力 余侃华 薄立明[1,2] WEI Wei;WANG Yaning;YIN Li;YU Kanhua;BO Liming(School of Urban Design,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;China Institute of Development Strategies and Planning,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Center of Hubei Human Habitat Engineering and Technology,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Architecture,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院,武汉430072 [2]武汉大学中国发展战略与规划研究院,武汉430072 [3]湖北省人居环境工程技术研究中心,武汉430072 [4]长安大学建筑学院,西安710061

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第6期2968-2984,共17页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42471304,52278047);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(23YJA630003);湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(2023AFB794)。

摘　　要：科学认知国土空间格局演变特征及其生态效应的关联作用和驱动机制,有利于构建“生态安全屏障更加牢固,农牧用地布局结构明显优化,城镇集中集聚集约成效凸显”的国土空间开发保护格局。利用转换矩阵、InVEST模型和多尺度地理加权回归模型,按照“国土空间演化-生态系统响应-影响因素解析”研究路径,分析2000—2020年内蒙古高原“三区空间”(城镇空间、农业空间、生态空间)转换的生态效应及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)近20年内蒙古高原城镇空间持续扩张,生态空间与农业空间“此消彼长”特征显著,大兴安岭沿麓农牧区“由黄转绿”和锡林郭勒草原畜牧区“由草转牧”变化突出。(2)全区生态系统服务整体好转,ESI指数呈“东南高西北低”空间格局。主体功能区划对“三区空间”转型的生态效应具有显著分区作用,生态功能区内农业转向生态空间显示最强正向生态效应。(3)自然地理、经济社会和政策工程综合影响“三区空间”转换的生态效应:土壤侵蚀、平均风速等自然因子促进山地、高原的正向生态效应,而放牧强度、第三产业产值等经济条件加剧农牧空间转换的负向生态效应,政策工程则对全区持续发挥稳定约束作用。论文提出以下政策建议:把握城镇空间错位提升发展机遇,构建“一核双星多节点”城镇空间格局;发挥农牧空间草地资源优势,推进“六牧四农”的农牧空间格局;实施生态空间全要素全域保护,建设“三山两带一弯多廊多点”的生态空间格局,牢筑我国北方重要生态安全屏障。Exploring the interplay between territorial spatial evolution and its ecological impacts on the Inner Mongolia Plateau from 2000 to 2020,focusing on spatial planning to strengthen ecological security,enhance agro-pastoral integration,and facilitate urban consolidation.Using transition matrices,the InVEST model,and multi-scale geographically weighted regression,this research delineates the ecological consequences of the"Three-Zone Space"transformation across urban,agricultural,and ecological sectors.Key insights reveal:(1)Urban expansion(0.50 million km^(2),+139.43%)alongside agricultural(-11.27 million km^(2),-18.26%)and ecological(11.27 million km^(2),+16.21%)zone expansion,with notable greening along the Greater Khingan Range and shifts from grasslands to grazing lands in the Xilin Gol Grassland.(2)An overall improvement in ESI(0.48,+55.57%)is observed,with higher indices in the southeast and lower in the northwest.Strategic zoning within main functional areas significantly influences these ecological outcomes,particularly in transitions from agricultural to ecological areas.(3)Natural factors,such as soil erosion and wind dynamics,promote positive ecological shifts,while socio-economic factors such as intensive grazing and tertiary industry expansion amplify negative effects in agro-pastoral zones.National policies provide a consistent regulatory framework.The study suggests optimizing urban spatial distribution,leveraging grassland resources within agro-pastoral layouts,and implementing a comprehensive ecological protection strategy to strengthen the crucial ecological security barrier.

关 键 词：国土空间规划 内蒙古高原 三区空间 生态系统服务 农牧空间 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]