四川九寨沟外来入侵植物现状及其管控策略  

Analysis of the Status Quo of Invasive Alien Plants and Their Control Strategies in Jiuzhaigou County,Sichuan Province

作　　者：黄琴 刘玉平 毛颖娟[1] 黄文军[1] 孟德昌 潘红丽[1] HUANG Qin;LIU Yuping;MAO Yingjuan;HUANG Wenjun;MENG Dechang;PAN Hongli(Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Chengdu 610081,Sichuan,China;South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081 [2]中国科学院华南国家植物园,广东广州510650

出　　处：《福建林业科技》2025年第1期141-149,共9页Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：2022中央(省级)财政林草转移支付项目(CZLCZYZF5100002022001)。

摘　　要：为全面掌握四川九寨沟县外来入侵植物现状,于2023年4—9月,采用样线法对九寨沟县外来入侵植物种类、空间分布特征、危害现状等进行实地调查研究。结果显示:①九寨沟县有外来入侵植物37种,隶属14科26属,均为草本植物,种类最多的为菊科(Asteraceae),多达8属14种。外来入侵植物科、属分布类型均具有热带成分与温带成分混杂现象;②外来入侵植物主要来自欧洲和北美洲,以人为传播为主,人为无意传播和有意传播占比分别为56.76%和37.83%,繁殖方式以有性繁殖为主,其中9种植物也可无性繁殖;③物种危害入侵性较高:1级恶性入侵种9种、2级严重入侵种11种、3级局部入侵种3种、一般和有待观察种14种;④不同保护地植物入侵现状不同:大熊猫国家公园(九寨沟片区)、九寨沟国家级风景名胜区、九寨沟国家地质公园受人为干扰较大,入侵植物最多,均有14种,而人为干扰较小的白河国家级自然保护区的入侵植物仅3种。为保护本区生物多样性,建议通过外来入侵植物风险评估,确定本区亟待管控的恶性入侵植物和重点防控区域,并及时开展物种防控和加强实地监测,同时做好宣传教育。研究结果可为相关部门制定管理策略和及早采取应对措施提供参考。To comprehensively understand the current status of alien invasive plants in Jiuzhaigou County,Sichuan Province,a field investigation was conducted from April to September 2023 using the transect method to study the species,spatial distribution characteristics,and harm extent of alien invasive plants.The findings were as follows:①A total of 37 alien invasive plants belonging to 26 genera within 14 families were recorded in Jiuzhaigou County,all of which are herbaceous.The Asteraceae family was the most represented,comprising 14 species across 8 genera.The distribution patterns of families and genera of alien invasive plants exhibited a mix of tropical and temperate elements.②These plants primarily originated from Europe and North America,and were mainly transmitted by human,with the proportion of unintentional and intentional transmission being 56.76%and 37.83%,respectively.The reproduction was mainly sexual,and 9 species could also reproduce asexually.③The species exhibited high levels of invasiveness,with 9 species classified as Grade 1(malignant invaders),11 species as Grade 2(severe invaders),3 species as Grade 3(local invaders),and 14 species were either general invaders or required further observation.④The current status of plant invasions varies across different protected areas.Specifically,the Giant Panda National Park(Jiuzhaigou section),Jiuzhaigou National Scenic Area,and Jiuzhaigou National Geopark,all experiencing significant human disturbance,harboured the highest number of invasive plant species(14 species each),whereas the Baihe National Nature Reserve,which was less disturbed by human,had only 3 invasive plant species.To protect the biodiversity of this region,it was recommended that a risk assessments of alien invasive plants should be conducted to identify the most harmful species and the priority control areas requiring urgent management.Timely species control measures and intensified field monitoring should be implemented,accompanied by effective public education and awareness campaign

关 键 词：外来入侵植物 区系成分 物种特性 管控策略 九寨沟县 

分 类 号：S718.3[农业科学—林学] S45