电化学处理页岩油压裂返排液工艺研究应用  

Research and Application of Electrochemical Treatment Technology for Shale Oil Fracturing Backflow Fluid

作　　者：冯小刚 戢慧 王涛[1] 严忠 戴新河 刘鹏飞 李阳超 于东来 宋多培 FENG Xiaogang;JI Hui;WANG Tao;YAN Zhong;DAI Xinhe;LIU Pengfei;LI Yangchao;YU Donglai;SONG Duopei(Jiqing Oilfield Operation Area of Xinjiang Oilfield Company,CNPC;Experimental Testing Research Institute of Xinjiang Oilfield Company,CNPC)

机构地区：[1]中国石油新疆油田分公司吉庆油田作业区,新疆维吾尔自治区831700 [2]中国石油新疆油田分公司实验检测研究院,新疆维吾尔自治区831700

出　　处：《油气田地面工程》2025年第3期36-43,共8页Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering

摘　　要：吉木萨尔页岩油于2012年开发,2025年将建成国家级陆相页岩油示范区。页岩油采用大型体积压裂建产方式,井区储水池始终处于高液位状态,存在安全隐患和环保风险。压裂过程中产生的压裂返排液含有油、酚类、甲醛、胍胶等多种物质,返排液组分复杂,乳化程度高,稳定性强,处理难度大,若不能经有效处理而实现重复利用,会对周围环境造成危害。常规化学药剂处理工艺处理成本高,处理后水质稳定性差,静置3天后处理后的悬浮物固体质量浓度由10 mg/L上升至42 mg/L,产泥量达到3.5 kg/m^(3),COD去除率仅为5%,药剂成本高达8.3元/m^(3)。通过开展电化学处理返排液现场应用,悬浮物固体质量浓度控制在4 mg/L以内,污泥含油率由24%降至0.9%,产泥量下降86%,COD去除率达到96%,药剂成本降至0.6元/m^(3)。电化学工艺处理返排液大幅度降低了处理成本,水质达标率100%,年节约清水量约100×10^(4)m^(3),实现了压裂返排液复配的循环利用、页岩油绿色开发的目的。Jimusar Shale Oil was developed in 2012 and will be established as a national level terrestrial shale oil demonstration zone by 2025.Shale oil is produced through large-scale volume fracturing,and the reservoir in the well area is always in a high liquid level state,which poses safety hazards and environmental risks.The fracturing backflow fluid generated during the fracturing process contains various substances such as oil,phenols,formaldehyde,guanidine gum,etc.The composition of the backflow fluid is complex,the degree of emulsification is high,the stability is strong,and the processing difficulty is high.If it cannot be effectively processed and reused,it will pose a threat to the surrounding environment.The conventional chemical treatment process has high treatment costs and poor water quality stability after treatment.After being left to stand for 3 days,the suspended solids mass concentration increased from 10 mg/L to 42 mg/L,and the sludge production reached 3.5 kg/m^(3),the COD removal rate was only 5%,and the chemical cost was as high as 8.3 yuan/m^(3).By conducting on-site application of electrochemical treatment of backflow liquid,the suspended solids content mass concentration was controlled within 4 mg/L,the sludge oil content decreased from 24%to 0.9%,the sludge production decreased by 86%,the COD removal rate reached 96%,and the chemical cost was reduced to 0.6 yuan/m^(3).The electrochemical process has significantly reduced the treatment cost of the backflow fluid,with a 100%water quality compliance rate and an annual saving of about 100×10^(4)m^(3)of clean water.It has achieved the recycling and utilization of fracturing backflow fluid compounding and the goal of green development of shale oil.

关 键 词：吉木萨尔页岩油 返排液 电化学处理 压裂液复配 

分 类 号：X70[环境科学与工程—环境工程]