大规模人工智能生成物对著作权登记效力的影响与对策  

The impact and countermeasures of large-scale artificial intelligenceworks on the effectiveness of copyright registration

作　　者：张惠彬[1] 王可心 ZHANG Huibin;WANG Kexin(Civil and Commercial Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期55-64,共10页Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部重大攻关课题:我国海外利益保护体系构建研究(22JZD015);重庆市教委科技项目:生成式人工智能对著作权登记制度的挑战与应对研究(KJZD-K202300304);西南政法大学学生科研创新项目:著作权登记助力文化强国建设的功能界定和创新路径(2024XZXS-122)。

摘　　要：自《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》实施以来,著作权登记制度原本的登记确权功能已逐渐减弱并淡出。即便如此,全球大多数国家仍然保留了这一制度,主要将其视为提供初步证据的关键来源,以支持著作权存在的主张。随着科技的迅猛进步,以DeepSeek技术为代表的生成式人工智能以其强大的算法和数据处理能力,能够自动生成包括文字、图像、音频在内的丰富多样的“数字作品”。这些作品在创意和表现形式上往往与人类创作的作品无异,但在法律属性上存在诸多模糊地带,对现有著作权法律体系提出了新的挑战,即众多具备作品外观的“数字作品”可能借助著作权登记,获得一种形式上的合法性。加之司法实践中普遍采用作者署名推定规则,这无疑为恶意行为人提供了可乘之机,引发一系列不必要的法律纠纷,从而严重削弱著作权登记制度原本应有的证明效力。同时,此类获得国家公权力信用背书的登记证明一旦被推翻,亦将严重影响国家公信力。对此,我国应当坚守著作权法的“人类中心主义”原则,明确指出人工智能不具备创作主体地位,其产生的内容不应自动获得著作权保护。在此原则指导下,进一步完善相关法律法规,例如增加举证责任、建立分类审查机制以弥补形式审查的不足,并且明确和严格追究恶意登记行为的法律责任,以此维护著作权登记制度的权威性和公正性。Since the implementation of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works,the original function of copyright registration as a means of confirming ownership has gradually diminished and faded.Despite this,most countries around the world have retained the system,primarily viewing it as a key source of prima facie evidence to support claims of copyright existence.With the rapid advancement of technology,generative artificial intelligence,represented by DeepSeek technology,has the ability to automatically generate a wide range of“digital works”including text,images,and audio,owing to its powerful algorithms and data processing capabilities.These works often bear similarities in creativity and expression to those created by humans,yet there are many legal ambiguities surrounding them,presenting new challenges to the existing copyright legal framework.Many“digital works”that appear to be creative may obtain a form of legitimacy through copyright registration.Coupled with the presumption of authorship rule commonly adopted in judicial practice,this undoubtedly provides opportunities for malicious actors,leading to a series of unnecessary legal disputes,which severely weakens the evidentiary power that copyright registration was originally intended to offer.Moreover,once the registration proof,backed by state authority,is overturned,it will seriously impact the country’s credibility.In response to the current situation,China must uphold the“human-centric”principle of copyright law,explicitly stating that artificial intelligence cannot be regarded as a creator,and that content generated by AI should not automatically be granted copyright protection.Under this guiding principle,relevant laws and regulations should be further improved,such as adding evidentiary burdens,establishing a classification review mechanism to compensate for the shortcomings of formal examination,and strictly enforcing legal accountability for malicious registration actions,in order to maintain the authority a

关 键 词：DeepSeek 生成式人工智能 著作权登记 作品权属 初步证据 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学] DF523.1[政治法律—法学]