柿叶枯病病原菌鉴定、生物学特性及杀菌剂毒力测定  

Identification and Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen Causing Persimmon Leaf Blight and Toxicity Test of Different Fungicides

作　　者：王洁[1] 董晓旭 陈金霄 余贤美[1] 高瑞 艾呈祥[1] 沈广宁[1] WANG Jie;DONG Xiaoxu;CHEN Jinxiao;YU Xianmei;GAO Rui;AI Chengxiang;SHENGuangning(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Taian,Shandong 271000,China;College of Life Sciences,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian,Shandong 271018,China;College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学生命科学学院,山东泰安271018 [3]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《园艺学报》2025年第3期737-748,共12页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022MC189);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZX2024007);山东省果品产业体系项目(SDAIT-06-01);国家自然科学基金项目(31701899)。

摘　　要：为明确引起柿(DiospyroskakiL.)叶枯病的病原菌,采集具有典型叶枯病症状的柿叶片,通过组织分离法和柯赫氏法致病性验证,获得柿叶枯病致病菌。通过形态学观察、ITS分析和TEF-CAL-HIS-TUB多基因序列串联系统发育分析,将柿叶枯病病原菌鉴定为间座壳属真菌Diaporthe eres。生物学特性测定表明,菌株的最适生长碳源为葡萄糖和麦芽糖,最适氮源为酵母粉,最适生长温度为28℃,最适pH 6.0。杀菌剂室内毒力测定结果表明,供试的9种杀菌剂对柿叶枯病菌的菌丝生长均表现出不同程度的抑制作用,其中95%咯菌腈的抑制作用最强,EC50值为0.046 mg·L^(-1);其次是95%己唑醇、80%多菌灵和97%苯醚甲环唑,EC50值分别为0.217、0.224和0.705 mg·L^(-1)。To determine the primary pathogen responsible for persimmon leaf blight disease,leaves exhibiting typical symptoms of the blight were collected.The fungus was isolated and purified using the tissue separation method,and its pathogenicity was confirmed through Koch’s postulation.Based on morphological characteristics,ITS analysis,and the combined gene sequence phylogenetic analysis of TEF-CAL-HIS-TUB,the pathogen was identified as Diaporthe eres.The biological characteristics of the isolated D.eres strain DHB1 were investigated.The results showed that a culture medium containing glucose or maltose as the carbon source,along with yeast extract as the nitrogen source,significantly promoted rapid mycelium growth.The optimal conditions for mycelial growth were found to be a temperature of 28℃and a pH of 6.0.In vitro toxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of nine fungicides on the mycelial growth of D.eres DHB1.The results indicated that all tested fungicides had varying degrees of inhibitory effects.Among them,95%Fludioxonil had the strongest inhibitory effect with an EC50 value of 0.046 mg·L^(-1),followed by 95%Hexaconazole,80%Carbendazim WP and 97%Difenoconazole,with EC50 values of 0.217,0.224 and 0.705 mg·L^(-1),respectively.

关 键 词：柿 叶枯病 病原菌 分离鉴定 间座壳属 杀菌剂筛选 多基因序列分析 

分 类 号：S665.2[农业科学—果树学]