周期性冲击波形匹配下选煤破碎机滚动轴承局部缺陷检测  

Detection of local defects in rolling bearings of coal preparation crushers under periodic impact waveform matching

作　　者：燕建华 YAN Jianhua(China Shenhua Energy Company Limited,Yulin,Shanxi 719315,China)

机构地区：[1]国能神东煤炭集团洗选中心,陕西榆林719315

出　　处：《自动化与仪器仪表》2025年第2期37-41,共5页Automation & Instrumentation

基　　金：陕西省科技专项资助项目(2021SZX07)。

摘　　要：选煤破碎机滚动轴承的局部缺陷与全局缺陷不同,其需要的信号特征要求高。但是在外界不可控的周期性冲击下,其局部缺陷信号特征会发生明显变化,外部冲击信号辨认成为难点。设计一种针对周期性冲击波形匹配的选煤破碎机滚动轴承局部缺陷检测方法。采集选煤破碎机滚动轴承运行信号;针对周期性冲击特征,设计一种经验模式分解方法,通过扩展信号中脉冲波形特性最大值与最小值之间的时间跨度;若信号仅包含曲线点而无极值点,则可通过微分操作获取极值点,用于识别外部冲击信号。根据周期性冲击条件对滚动轴承运行信号展开分解,利用局部信号IMF分量不可变性,并计算各个IMF分量的功率谱熵值,将其作为选煤破碎机滚动轴承运行信号的冲击波形特征;最后,对内、外圈磨损、滚动体故障、保持架损坏这四种滚动轴承缺陷形式的缺陷波形特征展开波形匹配,完成检测。实验结果表明:所提方法具有较高的信息采集精度和检测准确性,适用于选煤破碎机滚动轴承局部缺陷检测。The local defect of the rolling bearing of the coal selection crusher is different from the global defect,and it requires high signal characteristics.However,under uncontrollable periodic external shocks,the local defect signal characteristics will under-go significant changes,making it difficult to identify external shock signals.Design a local defect detection method for rolling bearings of coal preparation crushers for periodic impact waveform matching.Collect and display the operating signals of the rolling bearings of the coal selection crusher;Design an empirical mode decomposition method for periodic shock characteristics,based on the character-istic that there are no less than two extreme points of the signal under external shocks,one maximum value and one minimum value;Define the time scale of the impulse waveform characteristics in the signal by expanding the time between two extreme points;If there are only"curve points"in the signal and no extremum points,the extremum points can be obtained by differentiating the signal once or multiple times for external shock signal identification.Decompose the operating signal of rolling bearings based on periodic impact conditions,utilize the invariance of local signal IMF components,and calculate the power spectral entropy values of each IMF compo-nent as the impact waveform characteristics of the operating signal of rolling bearings in coal selection crushers;Finally,waveform matching is performed on the waveform characteristics of the four types of rolling bearing defects,namely inner and outer ring wear,rolling element failure,and cage damage,to complete the detection.The experimental results show that the proposed method has high accuracy in information collection and detection,and is suitable for detecting local defects in rolling bearings of coal preparation crushers.

关 键 词：选煤破碎机 滚动轴承 冲击波形匹配 经验模式分解 IMF分量 

分 类 号：TH166[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TP274[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]