恶意网络爬虫行为的违法性判断与罪名适用——以S市H区法院周某某盗窃案为切入点  

Judgment of the illegality of malicious web crawlers’behaviors and the application of charges——taking the theft case of Zhou X in the court of H District in S City as the entry point

作　　者：朱晗 Zhu Han(People’s Court of Huangpu District in Shanghai,Shanghai 200001,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市黄浦区人民法院,上海200001

出　　处：《辽宁公安司法管理干部学院学报》2025年第1期45-52,共8页Journal of Liaoning Administrators College of Police and Justice

摘　　要：大数据时代,网络爬虫作为数据的搜索引擎应运而生,在促进数据流通和提高社会化效益的同时,引发了若干法律风险。在开源社区内抓取网络平台数据的网络爬虫案例较为典型并日趋泛化,导致恶意网络爬虫技术在司法实践中普遍存在的罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪争议局面。网络爬虫的违法性判断与数据被授权使用的开放程度和访问权限有关,抓取公开数据无需承担任何责任;突破“合同授权”,抓取“限制重新使用”的数据一般情况下仅承担民事责任;采用强行突破或其他手段破坏“技术屏障”,抓取“限制访问、获取”的数据则需承担刑事不法评价。网络爬虫行为构成计算机类犯罪的核心问题,在于其恶意爬取行为侵犯数据安全法益,其主观目的在于获取数据而非其他财产性利益等传统法益;客观方面侵犯了数据的机密性和可用性,损害了数据安全和人们对数据化大规模应用生活的信赖。In the era of big data,web crawlers have emerged as the data search engines.While promoting data circulation and improving social benefits,they have triggered a number of legal risks.The cases of web crawlers that capture data from network platforms within open source communities are typical and becoming more and more prevalent,leading to a controversial situation in judicial practice regarding whether malicious web crawler technologies are criminal or not,and which crime they belong to.The judgment of the illegality of web crawlers is related to the degree of openness of data authorized for use and access rights.There is no need to bear any responsibility for capturing publicly available data;if the“contract authorization”is broken and the data“restricted from reuse”is captured,generally only civil liability needs to be borne;if the“technical barrier”is forcibly broken through or other means are used to capture the data“restricted from access and acquisition”,criminal liability needs to be evaluated.The core issue of whether web crawler behaviors constitute computer-related crimes lies in that their malicious crawling behaviors infringe on the legal interests of data security,and their subjective purpose is to obtain data rather than traditional legal interests such as other interests of property;objectively,they infringe on the confidentiality and availability of data and damage data security and people’s trust in the large-scale application of data in life.

关 键 词：网络爬虫 数据安全 非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪 数据安全法益 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]