法祖与节流:道光年间“木兰秋狝”家法的退场  

Maintaining Ancestral Tradition and Reducing Expenditure:The Disappearance of the Mulan Autumn Hunt during the Daoguang Reign

作　　者：常越男[1] CHANG Yuenan(Institute of Manchuology,Beijing Academy of Social Science)

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院满学研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《清史研究》2025年第2期1-11,共11页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：木兰秋狝是清代皇帝定期行围的国家典礼,盛行于康熙、乾隆、嘉庆年间,倡导满洲骑射传统,被视为“祖宗家法”。道光年间,清廷一方面利用“木兰秋狝”话题,宣扬祖宗成宪,另一方面却压缩对热河行宫的维护、减少对藏传佛教寺庙的资助,以致行围一再展缓,“法祖”让位于“节流”。围绕“木兰秋狝”的说法与做法的不一致,体现了这一时期统治者维护“祖宗家法”的无力感,也包含了对满洲骑射的宣传困境。法祖的话语表述与实践的差异,是内忧外患局势下的一种调整和变通。The Mulan Autumn Hunt (Mulan qiuxian) was a national ceremony held regularly by Qing emperors during the Kangxi,Qianlong and Jiaqing reigns,the emperors promoted the tradition of Manchu mounted archery (qishe),which was regarded as “ancestral family law of the Qing dynasty.” During the Daoguang reign,on the one hand,the emperor used the occasion of the Mulan Autumn Hunt to promote family laws.On the other hand,the government curtailed the maintenance of the Rehe Palace and the funding for Tibetan Buddhist temples.The Mulan Autumn Hunt was repeatedly delayed for economic reasons and this Manchu ancestral tradition was discontinued.The inconsistency between the discourse and the practice surrounding the Mulan Autumn Hunt indicated the ruler’s sense of powerlessness maintaining ancestral family law and difficulties advocating Manchu mounted archery during this period.Faced with domestic trouble and foreign invasion,the government had to adjust and adapt to the new situation.

关 键 词：木兰秋狝 祖宗家法 节流 道光 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学]