清代汉人世爵世职制考论  

An Examination and Discussion of the Qing Dynasty’s Han Lineage and Tenure System

作　　者：黄裕茂 HUANG Yumao(School of History and Cultural Heritage,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《清史研究》2025年第2期123-135,共13页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：汉人世爵世职制的创立在八旗爵制之后,以八旗爵制的主要框架为蓝本,不断完善又有所创新。汉人在袭次上比八旗少,获得世袭和恩骑尉特权的时间较晚;在培养上不如八旗规范;仕途也不如八旗广阔。作为核心流程的汉人世爵世职承袭的制度和实践,也随着时代形势的变化不断演变。尽管统治者数次调整旗、民爵制差异,但清代官僚体制“爵本位”的品位结构已十分衰弱,汉人世爵世职在首崇满洲、旗民有别的特殊体制下始终面临困境。The creation of the Han Chinese hereditary title system tended to mirror the Eight Banners’ title system.Taking the Eight Banners’ title system as a blueprint,improvements and innovations were continuously introduced.Han Chinese had fewer hereditary titles than members of the Eight Banners and they acquired the privileges of hereditary titles and the privilege of Knight Commandant by Grace later.Training for Han Chinese was not as standardized as that of the Eight Banners and their career paths were not as broad as that of the Eight Banners.The core process of the system and practice of the inheritance of hereditary nobility and hereditary positions for the Han people,also evolved over time.Although the rulers adjusted the differences between the banner and civilian systems several times,the grade structure of the Chinese bureaucracy,which was based on nobility,had become very weak by the Qing Dynasty.The hereditary nobility and hereditary positions of the Han people always faced difficulties under the special system that respected Manchus first and distinguished between the bannermen and civilians.

关 键 词：汉人 八旗 世爵世职 旗民有别 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]