《行政纲目》的制定与清末官制改革  

The Formulation of Xingzheng gangmu and the Reform of the Civil Service System in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘文华[1] LIU Wenhua(The First Historical Archives of China)

机构地区：[1]中国第一历史档案馆,北京100062

出　　处：《清史研究》2025年第2期136-149,共14页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：官制改革是清末新政中贯穿始终的内容,更是建立近代国家治理体系的必要之义。《行政纲目》的制定与颁行是清末官制改革的重要组成部分。宣统二年二月,宪政编查馆上奏《行政事务明定权限酌拟办法折》,拟制了《行政纲目》,咨送京内各部院衙门签注,各部院随即纷纷回复意见。同年十月,宪政编查馆整合各部签注意见,厘订《行政纲目》,再次上奏,奉旨允行。《行政纲目》的影响巨大,成为京内外各衙门权限划分的依据,亦因未涉及根本问题而备受抨击。然而,作为京师官制改革的蓝本,以及外官制改革绕不过去的章程,其开创性意义不容忽视。The reform of the civil service was an important part of the New Policies in the late Qing Dynasty and a necessary part of the establishment of a modern national governance system.The formulation and promulgation of Xingzheng gangmu (Plan for administrative reform) was an important part of the reform of civil service in the late Qing.In the second year of the Xuantong reign (1910) the Commission for Studying Constitutional Government submitted a memorial on “the drafting of methods to clarify the authority of administrative affairs” and drafted Xingzheng gangmu which was sent to various ministries and government offices in Beijing for signature.The ministries and government offices immediately responded with their opinions.Eight months later,the Commission for Studying Constitutional Government integrated the various opinions and formulated Xingzheng gangmu.The document was resubmitted and approved by the emperor.The formulation of Xingzheng gangmu had a huge impact and became the basis for the division of authority among various offices inside and outside Beijing,but it was also criticized for not addressing fundamental issues.However,Xingzheng gangmu was the blueprint for the reform of the civil service system in the capital and set the standard for reform that could not be avoided outside Beijing.Its pioneering significance cannot be ignored.

关 键 词：宪政编查馆 《行政纲目》 京师官制改革 

分 类 号：K257.5[历史地理—历史学]