明末清初土默特蒙古在青海的退缩与归宿——从二世噶勒丹锡哷图身世说起  

The Retreat and Final Abode of the Tümed Mongols in Qinghai during the Late Ming and Early Qing Periods:From the Origins of the Second Γaldan ?iregetü

作　　者：呼和 BORJIGID Huhe(School of Chinese Classics,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872

出　　处：《清史研究》2025年第2期150-159,共10页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家留学基金管理委员会“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”(202306360121)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：二世噶勒丹锡哷图·罗布桑丹毕尼玛系清代驻京八大呼图克图之一,对雍乾两朝政教事务影响深远。其父额尔克卫征,是青海蒙藏诸部共奉上师三世察罕诺们汗之兄长。本文首次考出,罗布桑丹毕尼玛家族实为明朝中期入据西海的土默特蒙古后裔。土默特蒙古在统治西海时期的驻牧地为黄河南岸的莽剌、捏工二川。17世纪前半叶,和硕特蒙古迁入青藏高原,土默特蒙古受其制约,以致势力退缩。然而,18世纪初,该家族再度活跃,尤其三世察罕诺们汗凭借宗教地位及其在罗卜藏丹津事件中的政治立场,深受清廷垂赏。1725年,清廷在青海推行盟旗制度,授予其独立一旗,史称察罕诺们汗扎萨克喇嘛旗。这一历史变迁,展现了青海土默特蒙古自入清以来的历史归宿。Lob?angdambinima (1689–1762),the Second Γaldan ?iregetü,was one of the eight eminent Capital Lamas of the Qing dynasty,wielding significant influence over religious and political affairs during the Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns.His father,Erke Wei?eng,was the elder brother of the Third ?aγan Nomunqan,who was revered as the spiritual leader of the Mongol and Tibetan tribes in Qinghai.This article,for the first time,reveals that Lob?angdambinima’s family descended from the Tümed Mongols,who had settled in Xihai since the mid-Ming dynasty.During their rule over Xihai,the Tümed Mongols primarily resided in the Mangla and Niegong regions on the southern bank of the Yellow River.In the first half of the 17th century,the Qu?uud Mongols migrated into the Tibetan Plateau,which constrained the Tümed Mongols and led to their retreat.However,the family regained prominence in the early 18th century,particularly through the religious authority of the Third ?aγan Nomunqan and his political stance during the Lob?angdan?in incident,which earned him favor from the Qing court.In 1725,the Qing government implemented the league-banner system in Qinghai,granting the family an independent banner officially known as the ?aγan Nomunqan ?a?aγ Lama Banner.This historical transformation reveals the fate of the Tümed Mongols following their incorporation into the Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：二世噶勒丹锡哷图 三世察罕诺们汗 额尔克卫征 青海土默特蒙古 

分 类 号：K249.105[历史地理—历史学]