算力共享与算力市场培育——基于需求侧的算力资源配置研究  

Computility Sharing and Computility Market Cultivation:A Study on Computility Resource Allocation from Demand-Side Perspective

作　　者：王勇 傅芳宁 陆树檀 WANG Yong;FU Fangning;LU Shutan(School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院,北京100084

出　　处：《财经问题研究》2025年第4期3-14,共12页Research On Financial and Economic Issues

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“互联网平台的社会影响与治理路径研究”(21&ZD196);国家高端智库项目“算力网络安全监管研究”(20248060047)。

摘　　要：作为数字经济时代的核心生产力,算力是推动技术创新和产业发展的关键要素。当前中国算力资源的分配与利用存在明显的结构性失衡,表现为算力资源利用效率相对较低,数据中心的计算设备存在闲置现象,因而构建以算力共享为核心理念的需求侧算力基础设施是提高算力利用效率、解决算力供需矛盾的关键。本文从共享经济视角分析了算力共享的内涵与特征,探讨了培育算力共享在短期应对算力供给受限、优化算力资源配置和在长期促进算力产业健康发展的必要性和所面临的挑战。据此,本文构建了算力共享生态与算力市场形成机制,将算力共享生态的形成划分为初始社区构建、平台搭建和生态形成三个阶段,并提出培育统一算力共享大市场需要从前瞻性布局算力集群、完善算力交易平台建设和实施针对性算力补贴政策三个方面推进,促进算力资源的高效配置和算力市场的健康发展。In the digital economy era,computility has emerged as a pivotal force propelling technological innovation and industrial upgrading.How to enhance the utilization efficiency of China’s computility resources and establish an efficient,resilient,and sustainable computility supply-and-scheduling system has become an urgent issue.Anchored in the theoretical framework of the sharing economy,this paper proposes a“computility sharing”model grounded in the construction of demand-side computility infrastructure,highlighting structural imbalances in regional distribution,technical standards,and trading mechanisms between the supply and demand of computility.The research pursues two objectives:(1)to explore the feasibility and necessity of computility sharing in mitigating computility-supply shortages in the short term;(2)to examine its potential to foster domestic computility-industry development,cultivate a robust computility-market ecosystem,and bolster industrial resilience in the long run.Methodologically,this study provides a systematic analysis of three principal computility-sharing pathways-leasing,trading,and open access-underpinned by sharing economy theory.This paper demonstrates how computility sharing can effectively harness underutilized high-performance resources to alleviate supply shortages in the near term.Over a longer horizon,coordinated efforts that integrate industrial investment,subsidy policies,and the scaled adoption of domestic hardware contribute to enhancing the overall competitiveness of the digital economy.This paper’s innovations manifest in three dimensions.First,it offers a comprehensive conceptualization of the pivotal attributes of computility resources and the strategic value of demand-side infrastructure from a sharing economy perspective.Second,it delineates a multi-stage development trajectory centered on optimizing cluster-based computility layout,fostering platform-oriented trading ecosystems,and creating market-driven incentive mechanisms.Third,it underscores the importance o

关 键 词：算力共享 算力市场 共享经济 算力基础设施 算力补贴 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]