党参本草源流考证及临床应用研究进展  

Research Progress on Origin and Clinical Application of Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)

作　　者：巩延婷 胡仁春 岳小强 CONG Yanting;HU Renchun;YUE Xiaoqiang(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,Shandong,China;Changzheng Hospital,Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200003,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药大学,山东济南250355 [2]海军军医大学附属长征医院,上海200003

出　　处：《中华中医药学刊》2025年第4期33-37,共5页Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家科技部重大研发计划项目(2022YFC3501700);国家中医药管理局“全国中医临床优秀人才”项目(国中医药人教函[2022]1号);国家中医药管理局第二届全国名中医传承工作室建设项目(国中医药办人教函[2022]233号)。

摘　　要：党参为桔梗科党参属植物党参Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.的根,其与人参在古时均盛产于上党地区,历史上二者存在较为普遍的混用现象。对党参的历史源流进行了梳理和本草考证,指出由于上党人参的绝迹,明代以后党参作为人参的替代品开始大量应用,至清代后期开始单独收录于本草中,其性味平和,入脾、肺经,具有益肺气、和脾胃、养血生津的特点,突出其“狮子盘头”“蔓生,叶不对”的特征,与人参“一茎直上生长、三桠五叶,对生”的特点存在明显区别。随着其广泛应用,对于党参的称谓也各有不同,有“上党参”“狮头参”“上党人参”等。时至今日,党参作为中药大品种在我国分布广泛,在山西、四川、甘肃等地形成主产区,以潞党参、台党参、晶党参和纹党参最为著名。党参富含糖类、炔类等多种化学成分,具有调节免疫、改善记忆、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗溃疡、抗氧化及延缓衰老等药理作用,中医认为其能健脾益肺、养血生津,尤以补气养血为其所长,临床广泛用于免疫、消化、呼吸、循环等多个系统疾病的治疗及日常的养生保健。党参和人参都有补脾益肺、生津之功,在很多方面可以相互代替,但人参补气力大,尤善大补元气,党参则善于补血,此为二者主要临床区别。该研究为党参的正本清源及进一步临床应用研究提供一定参考。Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)is the root of Dangshen[Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.].Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)and Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)were abundantly produced in the Shangdang area in ancient times,and there was a more common phenomenon of mixing the two in history.In this paper,the historical origin of Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)was sorted out and examined,and it is pointed out that due to the extinction of Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)in Shangdang,Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)began to be used in large quantities as a substitute for Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)after the Ming Dynasty and began to be included in materia medica books separately in the late Qing Dynasty.It is neutral in nature and taste and enters spleen and lung meridians,and can benefit lung Qi,harmonize spleen and stomach and nourish blood and generate body fluids.The characteristics of“lion's head”and“spreading and not opposite leaves”are obvious differences from those of Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma),which grows straight up from one stem and has three branches and five leaves,which are opposite to each other.As it is widely used,there are different names for Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma),such as“Shangdangshen”“Shitoushen”“Shangdang Renshen”,etc.To this day,Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)as a large variety of traditional Chinese medicine is widely distributed in China,forming the main production areas in Shanxi,Sichuan and Gansu,with Ludangshen from Shanxi,Taidangshen from Sichuan,Jingdangshen and Wendangshen from Gansu being the most famous ones.Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)is rich in sugar,alkyne and other chemical components,with immunity regulation,memory improvement,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,anti-ulcer,antioxidant and anti-aging pharmacological effects.Traditional Chinese medicine is believed to be able to strengthen spleen and benefit lung,nourish blood and promote the production of fluids,in particular,to tonify Qi and nourish blood for its strengths,clinically used in the immune,digestive,respir

关 键 词：党参 源流 本草学 临床应用 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]