“文明”与扩张:美国社会关于法国—阿尔及利亚战争的讨论  

“Civilization”and Expansion:The American Debate around the Franco-Al-gerian War

作　　者：许翔云 Xu Xiangyun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《全球史评论》2024年第2期173-193,314-315,共23页Global History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“19世纪美国扩张中的种族观研究”(24BSS011)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：1830年至1848年的法国—阿尔及利亚战争不仅是欧洲殖民史上的重大事件,也对同一时期美帝国的构建产生了影响。美国报纸密切关注法国—阿尔及利亚战争的进程,并将其与美国国内的印第安战争以及其他欧洲帝国的殖民战争进行比较。美国舆论不乏将这场战争视为“文明”的法国征服“野蛮”的阿尔及利亚的声音,一如它们对美国征服印第安部落性质一事的理解。然而,以印第安人为代表的“高贵的野蛮人”形象的存在,以及对交战双方具体行为方式的考察都在颠覆着以上叙事,进而揭示出欧洲帝国殖民扩张的负面后果。这些对欧洲帝国殖民扩张的描述在1844年至1848年间美国关于兼并德克萨斯和美墨战争的论争中回响,辩论双方在此基础上激辩美国与欧洲帝国的差异与相同点,阐发他们对美帝国扩张的性质及其结果的不同理解。因此,突出国际环境对19世纪中叶美国界定自身帝国行为的影响,改变过去从民族国家视角来考察该问题,可以更好地诠释美国为何能够在践行大陆扩张的同时拒绝承认自身的帝国属性。The Algerian War between 1830 and 1848 not only loomed large in the history of European colonization,but also cast influence in the concurrent American empire-building project.American newspapers closely followed the Al-gerian War's progression as well as the means employed,and constantly drew a-nalogy between it and the American Indian Wars as well as other European coloni-al wars.On the whole,not a few American media perceived the war as civilization's conquest of barbarism,just like their understanding of the American Indian war.However,the image of“noble savage”embodied in the Native Amer-icans as well as the close examination of warring parties’behavior were all compli-cating the picture,and revealed the horrific legacy of European imperialism and colonialism.These portrayals of European colonial expansion resonated in the A-merican controversies over the Texan annexation and U.S.-Mexico War between 1844 and 1848.The parties involved built upon these representations to debate the extent of U.S.resemblance of European empires,and expressed their diverg-ing views on the character and effect of the American imperial expansion.These cases underline the international backdrop's influence over the American empire-building,especially how the Americans perceived and understood their empire.This overcomes the nation-state's grip on the investigation of the issue,and can better explain why the United States refused to admit its imperial nature while pur-suing territorial expansion.

关 键 词：法国—阿尔及利亚战争 帝国 文明 印第安人 美墨战争 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D856.5[政治法律—外交学] K712.42[历史地理—历史学] K565.41[历史地理—世界史] K415.4