20世纪英国海湾战略的演变  

The Evolution of British Gulf Strategy in the Twentieth Century

作　　者：成振海 Cheng Zhenhai

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史学院 [2]西北大学中东研究所

出　　处：《全球史评论》2024年第1期239-254,345,共17页Global History Review

基　　金：安徽省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目“‘一带一路’倡议下安徽与阿拉伯国家经贸合作的潜力与策略研究(项目编号:2023AH050131)”的阶段性成果

摘　　要：英国对波斯湾的认知及其战略依其利益需求的变化而变化。两次世界大战期间,海湾主要作为英国的战争后方而被裹挟进战争之中。印度独立后,面对自身实力的衰退、国际和地区非殖民化运动对英国霸权的压缩,为捍卫巨大的石油利益并满足其冷战需求,英国逐渐将其海外战略重心转向海湾阿拉伯地区。《桑迪斯白皮书》的颁布标志着这一转变的完成。这一转变是多种因素交互作用的结果,既体现了对英国独占海湾、维持海湾“静态”这一传统政策的延续,又体现了英帝国殖民霸权衰落过程中,其殖民政策调整的主动性和被动性并存的特点。The British Empire's perception of the Gulf varied according to the needs of its interests.During the two World Wars,the Gulf was mainly used as a rear area for British war needs.After India's independence,faced with the continuous weakening of its own strength and the compression of British hegemony in the Gulf by the international and regional decolonization movements,Britain turned the focus of its overseas interests and defense to the Gulf Arab region in or-der to defend its huge oil interests and meet its Cold War needs.The publication of the Sandys White Paper marked the completion of the transformation.This change was the result of the interaction of many factors,which not only reflected the continuation of Britain's traditional policy of seeking to monopolize the Gulf and maintaining its“static”,but also reflected the co-existence of the initiative and passivity of British colonial policy adjustment during the decline of its colonial he-gemony.

关 键 词：英国 海湾国家 殖民体系 中东 冷战 

分 类 号：E561[军事—军事理论] D856.1[政治法律—政治学] K561.4[政治法律—外交学]