超越“锁国论”:17世纪早期日本寻求通商西属美洲的尝试  

Beyond the“Sakoku Theory":Japan's Efforts to Trade with Spanish A-merica in the Early 17th Century

作　　者：陈丁铭 Chen Dingming

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《全球史评论》2024年第1期187-206,343,共21页Global History Review

摘　　要：16世纪后期,西班牙建立的马尼拉大帆船贸易实现了亚洲与美洲的常态化联系。跨洋航线的开辟扩大了日本在地理空间上的认知与想象,日本作为当时海外贸易的参与者,力图与远隔重洋的美洲进行贸易。日本与西班牙就贸易事宜几经协商,然而,日本的贸易构想与西班牙贸易垄断政策相抵牾,双方的贸易基础也较为薄弱,西班牙秉持的“商贸与传教一体化”的原则与日本传统文化和国家安全冲突,来自荷兰与英国的竞争则加速了日本与西班牙交恶。虽然日本与西班牙美洲建立贸易关系的尝试以失败告终,但这种尝试无疑是近代早期欧、亚、美三洲交流史上的重要一页。In the late sixteenth century,the Manila Galleon trade estab-lished by Spain achieved a regular link between Asia and the Americas.The o-pening of trans-oceanic routes expanded Japan's geospatial awareness and imagina-tion.As an active participant in overseas trade at the time,Japan made an at-tempt to trade with the Spanish America.Japan and Spain negotiated on trade matters for several times.However,Japan's trade conception contradicted Spain's trade monopoly policy,and the trade foundation between the two sides was rela-tively weak.Spain's principle of“the integration of trade and mission”conflicted with Japan's traditional culture and national security;and the competition from the Netherlands and Britain accelerated the breakdown of relations between Japan and Spain.Although Japan's attempt to establish trade relations with Spain and Span-ish America ended in failure,it is undoubtedly an important chapter in the history of exchanges between Europe,Asia,and Americas in the early modern period.

关 键 词：德川幕府 西班牙 西属美洲 贸易 禁教 

分 类 号：K313.36[历史地理—历史学]