16—18世纪西班牙帝国的俘虏赎买  

Captive Redemption in the Spanish Empire in16th-18th Centuries

作　　者：李跟林 Li Genlin

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《全球史评论》2024年第1期98-111,339-340,共16页Global History Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“20世纪以来地中海史学的嬗变研究”(项目批准号:22BSS054)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在中世纪伊比利亚半岛,俘虏赎买是基督教徒与穆斯林边境地区常见的现象。16世纪开始,随着西班牙帝国的崛起,以及帝国在地中海和大西洋世界的扩张,引来奥斯曼帝国支持的海盗的攻击,许多西班牙人沦为俘虏。在这种情况下,中世纪以私人行为和宗教慈善活动呈现出来的俘虏赎买发生了改变,西班牙政府开始主导和控制俘虏的赎买活动。西班牙将修士和北非商人转变为俘虏赎买的代理人,并为赎买活动提供大量赎金。在被赎买的群体中,西班牙更多地以赎买妇女儿童和为西班牙海外扩张服务的海员和士兵为主。本文认为近代早期西班牙的俘虏赎买与16世纪以来西班牙帝国的崛起紧密相关,是西班牙走向全球霸权之路的产物,对俘虏的赎买服务于西班牙帝国的扩张和谋求霸权。In medieval Iberia,the rescue of captives was common in the frontier between Christian and Muslim.At the beginning of the 16th century,with the rise of the Spanish Empire and its expansion in the Mediterranean and At-lantic,a large number of Spaniards were captured by Ottoman corsairs.As a re-sult,the medieval redemption ended,which was a private event and religious charity,and the Spanish crown began to interfere.Friars and North African trad-ers were instituted in Spain,and large amounts of ransom were provided.Among the ransomed groups,Spain was more likely to buy women and children and sail-ors and soldiers to serve the empire.This article argues that the redemption of captives in early modern Spain is closely related to the rise of the Spanish Empire since the 16th century,and is a backwash of Spain's pursuit of global hegemony.And it also served the expansion and hegemony of the Spanish Empire.

关 键 词：近代早期 西班牙 俘虏赎买 地中海 海盗 

分 类 号：K551.4[历史地理—历史学] K551.3[历史地理—世界史]