广州十三行与清代宫廷科技文化交流  

On the Thirteen Hongs of Guangzhou and Scientific and Cultural Exchanges with the Qing Court

作　　者：冷东 Leng Dong

机构地区：[1]澳门科技大学社会与文化研究所,中国澳门

出　　处：《故宫学刊》2024年第1期86-108,共23页Journal of Gugong Studies

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金重大项目《海内外中国商业印信暨档案文献整理与研究》先秦至1949年(批准号23&ZD253);2023年广东省社会科学界联合会项目《清代岭南印信研究暨专题展览》(GD2023SKFC29)阶段性成果

摘　　要：乾隆二十二年(1757)清朝实行“一口通商”政策,规定从海路而来欧美国家的中外贸易在广州口岸进行,通过粤海关组建“以官制商、以商制夷”的外贸体系和行商队伍,成为海外贸易和文化交流的中心。在近百年的岁月里,广州十三行以其得天独厚的地理环境、开放的人文意识和悠久的商贸传统,不仅与经历了文艺复兴和思想启蒙运动的西方各国,进行了经贸往来及丰富的文化艺术交流,也与清朝宫廷产生了丰富的科技文化交流,包括钟表、鼻烟壶、家具以及绘画、音乐等,反映了清朝宫廷与广州十三行的密切关系和相互影响。In the 22nd year of Qianlong’s reign(1757),the Qing court implemented the‘One-Port-Foreign-Trade’policy,specifying that all maritime trade with European and American countries be conducted exclusively at the port of Guangzhou.Through the Canton customs,an external trade system and merchant guilds were organized,operating under the principle of‘official supervision and merchant management’,making it a center for overseas trade and cultural exchange.Over nearly a century,the Thirteen Hongs of Guangzhou,leveraging their unique geographical location,open cultural mindset,and long-standing trade traditions,not only engaged in extensive economic and cultural exchanges with Western countries that had experienced the Renaissance and Enlightenment but also facilitated a rich exchange of scientific and cultural knowledge with the Qing court.This included clocks,snuff bottles,furniture,as well as painting and music,reflecting the close relationship and mutual influence between the Qing court and the Thirteen Hongs of Guangzhou.

关 键 词：广州十三行 清代宫廷 科技文化交流 

分 类 号：F752.9[经济管理—国际贸易] K249[经济管理—产业经济] J120.9[历史地理—历史学]