刘勰《文心雕龙》之修辞立诚论  

The Theory of Sincerity on Writing in Liu Xie's The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons

作　　者：饶晓玉 饶龙隼 Rao Xiao-yu;Rao Long-sun

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院 [2]四川大学中国俗文化研究所

出　　处：《古代文学理论研究》2024年第2期547-564,共18页Studies of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代文学制度研究”(编号17ZDA238)阶段性成果

摘　　要：刘勰《文心雕龙》中的修辞立诚论,承续了历来恒常稳定的“诚一”之思理结构。所谓“诚一”,即要求主体委弃自我、全身心投入到对象物中。从远古原始宗教,到周代礼乐文明,再到晚周礼崩乐坏,以至两汉、魏晋、南朝齐梁间,修辞立诚之思理结构始终不变;但不变之中也有变者存焉,此即立诚的对象递有所变化:从诚于神,到诚于道,诚于听受者,再到诚于文。刘勰著论,便吸收了前代多层面的思想资源,主要包括:(1)源于巫术仪式、礼仪操持层面的精诚致神;(2)晚周诸子尤其是纵横家言语施用层面的听受指向;(3)老庄体道、摒弃功利目的之游艺层面的虚己合物。这也就相应地形成了《文心雕龙》针对实用文体、言语施用和审美创造等多层面的修辞立诚论。The theory of sincerity on writing in Liu Xie's The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons inherits the ever-constant and stable ideological structure of“Sincerity and One”.“Sincerity and One”essentially demands the subject to abandon egotism and fully immerse themselves in the object.From ancient primitive religion,through the ritual and music civilization of the Zhou Dynasty,to the collapse of rituals and music in the late Zhou Dynasty,and extending to the Han Dynasty,Wei-Jin,and Qi-Liang dynasties of the Southern Dynasties,the ideological structure of sincerity on writing remained unchanged.Nevertheless,amidst the constancy,there exists an element of change,which lies in the successive transformation of the object of truthfulness:from being truthful to the deities,to the Tao,to the audience,and finally,to the written word.Liu Xie's writings absorbed multifaceted ideological resources from previous generations,which primarily encompassed:(1)the sincerity and devotion to deities stemming from witchcraft ceremony and ceremonial practices,(2)the audience-oriented discourse employed by philosophers of the late Zhou Dynasty,particularly the Strategists,and(3)the idea of self-effacement and harmonious integration advocated by Laozi and Zhuangzi in the realm of art and recreation,where utilitarian purposes were eschewed.Correspondingly,this formed the theory of sincerity on writing in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons that addresses various aspects such as practical writing,discursive application,and aesthetic creation.

关 键 词：《文心雕龙》 《祝盟》 修辞立诚 神与物游 转释 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]