中国古代小说批评中的“观画”艺理及“妙感”要理  

The Art Theoryof“ViewingPaintings”and the Essential Principles of“Sublime Perception”in Ancient Chinese Novel Criticism

作　　者：侯小丽 Hou Xiaoli

机构地区：[1]山东大学文学院

出　　处：《古代文学理论研究》2024年第2期506-522,共17页Studies of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代小说理论术语考释与谱系建构”(19ZDA247)

摘　　要：基于日积月累的“观画”经验,人们总结出许多“观画”艺理,主要包括识辨画家巧于运用各种绘画“巧艺”及其所创造的富有层次感的绘画“艺境”。这些被记载在各种画论著作中的“观画”艺理影响深远,成为中国古代小说批评者具有绘画经验或理论素养的审美表现。小说评者多能够体察、窥破小说作者运用各种“巧艺”并创造审美“艺境”的行文奥妙,并将“观画”艺理用于小说批评,使着眼于画法画艺或面向美感的“观画”评语在各小说评本中随处可见。通过梳理并探讨小说“观画”评语,我们不仅可以更好地领悟小说写人、写事、写景等文本固有的“以画为稗”行文之道,且能更好地把握评者“因艺而妙”“从境到韵”等入思方法和运思之道。Based on accumulated experiences in“viewing paintings”,people have summarized many art theories,mainly including the identification of various artistic techniques adeptly employed by painters and the creation of rich and layered“artistic realms”.These art“viewing paintings”theories,recorded in various treatises on painting,have had a profound influence,demonstrating aesthetic that ancient Chinese novel critics often had painting expertise or theoretical knowledge.Critics were often able to perceive and uncover the mysteries behind the use of artistic techniques by novelists and the creation of aesthetic“artistic realms”in their writing.They applied the art theories of“viewing paintings”to novel criticism,making observations focused on painting methods or aesthetic appreciation common in novel critiques.By analyzing and discussing“viewing paintings”comments in novel criticism,we can better understand the inherent narrative techniques of“using painting as a metaphor”in novel writing,narration,scenery and so on,as well as grasp the critics,methods of thinking and reasoning,such as“achieving sublimity through art”and“transitioning from realm to charm”.

关 键 词：小说批评 观画审美 艺理 巧艺 层次 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]