关于司空图可能作《二十四诗品》的内证考察(上)  

Sikong Tu's Authorship of Twenty-Four Poetry Classics:Evidence in the Composition

作　　者：张国庆 Zhang Guoqing

机构地区：[1]云南大学文学院

出　　处：《古代文学理论研究》2024年第2期340-361,共22页Studies of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory

摘　　要：20世纪90年代,有学者对《二十四诗品》(以下简称《诗品》)原署名作者、晚唐人司空图作《诗品》提出质疑,引发学界长达十余年的激烈争论。时至今日,《诗品》究竟为谁作,仍存歧见,未有定论。本文从内证角度讨论这一问题。首先考察证明:《诗品》与司空图现存诗文集在意象运用、境象营构、理论概念使用、词语运用方面存在明显关联;《诗品》可能作者的生活区域与司空图的生活区域高度重合。接着分析论证:《诗品》标举的“冲淡”风格与唐代诗风近而与宋代诗风远,表明《诗品》作者很可能是晚唐人司空图;《诗品·悲慨》展现出一幕中国罕见而近乎西方式的悲剧,体现出标准的悲剧美学精神,此悲剧的产生根源,很可能正是由社会大动乱带来的晚唐那一幕社会大悲剧和司空图身处其间的独特体验与感受。最后特别指出,关于司空图作《诗品》仍存在两个细部疑点。结论是,从内证角度看,虽有所存疑,但司空图作《诗品》可能性是非常大的,他至少仍是《诗品》作者的第一可能人选。In the 1990s,a heated debate about the author of Twenty-Four Poetry Classics(hereinafter Poetry Classics)began.Today,researchers still have disagreements about whether Sikong Tu from the late Tang Dynasty whose name was signed on the work wrote the number.This article aims to answer the question using evidence produced by Poetry Classics itself.This study consists of two parts.The first part demonstrates that the construction and use of imagery,the application of theoretical concepts and word choices in Poetry Classics are similar to those in the collection of Sikong Tu's literature.In addition,the author of Poetry Classics and Sikong Tu dwelled in almost the same areas.Moreover,the peaceful and elegant(冲淡)manner upheld by Poetry Classics corresponds with the poetry mode in the Tang Dynasty rather than the Song Dynasty.Therefore,the author of Poetry Classics is likely to be Sikong Tu living in the late Tang Dynasty.The second part focuses on the chapter Melancholy and Depression(悲慨).This part proposes that Poetry Classics presents a Western-style tragedy rarely seen in Chinese works and displays standard tragedy aesthetics in this section.The tragedy seems rooted in the particular experiences and feelings of Sikong Tu of the civil catastrophe caused by the devastating turmoil in the late-Tang society.Also,the research points out two minor difficulties in confirming Sikong Tu's authorship of Poetry Classics.Finally,this article concludes that even though doubts remain,Sikong Tu is the most probable author of Poetry Classics.

关 键 词：司空图 《二十四诗品》 内证 考察 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]