从“谶言”到“神作”——“梦中作”的文体形态与特色  

From“Prophecy”to“Masterpiece”——Stylistic Form and Characteristics of“Dream Writing”

作　　者：冯浩 Feng Hao

机构地区：[1]中山大学中文系

出　　处：《古代文学理论研究》2024年第2期302-324,共23页Studies of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“历代别集编纂及其文学观念研究”(项目编号:21&ZD254)阶段性成果

摘　　要：梦中作是古代诗歌创作中的特殊形态,由卜筮文化和史传预叙手法演变为日常的文人化创作方式。宋人为代表的附会之说,加速其经典化的同时,也解构了题意的真实性,特殊时局下滋生出带有依托性质的变体。李德裕《述梦诗》以降,逐渐形成梦中得句、续句成篇、诗意成图、唱酬次韵的群体创作形态。围绕作品属性问题,出现诗作与呓语两派分歧:前者主张续改锤炼,殝于完善;后者则不避重复,不尚格调。宋代开始,梦中作的艺术价值逐渐取代谶言意义,神助和奇、清等概念成为其典型特征。究其原因:梦中作极大程度超脱日常审美经验,且为幻境中的即兴创作;又充分发挥无意识对于创作的意义,超越作家常规写作模式;同时契合妙悟一派的创作理想及绝句与摘句的品评标准。Dream writing is a special form in poetry creation,which has evolved from divination culture and historical narration to daily literati creation.The theory of the attached association represented by the Song people not only accelerated its classicalization,but also deconstructed the authenticity of the meaning of the question,resulting in a new variant with the nature of relying on it under special circumstances.Li Deyu's Poems about Dreams has gradually formed a group creation form,which is to get sentences in dreams,to continue sentences into articles,to make poetic pictures and to sing rhymes.Around the attribute of works,there are differences between poetry and nonsense:the former advocates continuous reform and tempering,focusing on perfection.The latter does not avoid repetition and is not fashionable.Since the Song Dynasty,the artistic value of dream writing has gradually replaced the meaning of prophecy,and the concepts of divine assistance,strangeness and purity have become its typical characteristics.The reasons are as follows:Dreaming is beyond the daily aesthetic experience to a great extent,and it is an improvisation in the dreamland.Give full play to the significance of unconsciousness to creation,and surpass the writer's conventional writing mode.At the same time,it conforms to the creative ideal of Miao Wu school and the evaluation standard of quatrains and extracts.

关 键 词：梦中作 文人化 补作 无意识 神助 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]