论危险作业罪中的“现实危险”——基于对130份裁判文书的分析  

On the‘real danger’in the crime of dangerous operation——Based on an analysis of 130 adjudicative documents

作　　者：陈福淼 Chen Fumiao

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《盛京法律评论》2024年第2期80-104,共25页Shengjing Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“社会救助法中积极就业的法律实现机制研究”(项目编号:21BFX127)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：“现实危险”是危险作业罪中最具特色的表述,其表明了本罪具体危险犯的犯罪属性。然而,实务对此的认定弹性很大,甚至将其降格为了一种抽象危险。这不当地扩大了本罪的处罚范围,且违背了罪刑法定原则。在既有的关于“现实危险”的判断方案中,单一的判断方案未能对查明的事实进行合理分类,所有事实在同一层面判断显得冗杂,多阶段的判断方案存在前后适用基准不统一的问题。在明确“现实危险”由危险因素、诱发因素与阻断因素构成的前提下,“现实危险”的判断应当将事前判断与事后判断有机结合起来,以查明的客观事实和行为人的特别认知为资料。根据经验法则和科学的因果法则进行实质判断,通过“危险作业行为启动因果关系链条—重大伤亡事故发生的高度可能性—阻断因素的阻却”三个阶段层层递进,使对“现实危险”的判断更加直观。‘Real danger’is the most distinctive expression in the crime of dangerous operation,which indicates the criminal attribute of the specific dangerous crime of this crime.However,the practice of this determination is very flexible,and even reduces it to an abstract danger,which improperly expands the scope of punishment for this crime and violates the principle of legality.In the existing judgment scheme of‘real danger’,a single judgment scheme fails to reasonably classify the facts found out,all the facts appear to be jumbled at the same level,and the multi-stage judgment scheme has the problem of inconsistent application benchmarks before and after.On the premise that‘real danger’is composed of risk factors,inducing factors and blocking factors,the judgment of‘real danger’should combine pre-judgment with post-judgment.Based on the identified objective facts and the special cognition of the perpetrator,the substantive judgment should be made according to the empirical law and the scientific causal law.Through the three stages of‘dangerous operation behavior to start the causal chain-the possibility of major casualties-blocking factors,’the judgment of‘real danger’is more intuitive.

关 键 词：危险作业罪 现实危险 构造 判断方案 应用 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]