传统中国的积案问题及应对举措  

The Problem of Accumulated Cases in Traditional China and Its Response Measures

作　　者：陈丽[1] Chen Li

机构地区：[1]厦门大学

出　　处：《盛京法律评论》2024年第1期95-122,共28页Shengjing Law Review

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第74批面上资助项目(项目编号:2023M742911);中国政法大学博士学位论文资助项目“清朝嘉道时期积案问题研究”(项目编号:2022BSLW08)的阶段成果

摘　　要：“积案”是指违反审限规定而长期积压未结的司法案件。积案问题是传统中国的法律问题和社会治理难题,对吏治和民生造成了负面影响。在传统中国有限的司法资源和人治环境下,案件本身的繁简程度和牧令的勤惰直曲影响着司法裁判的质量。据存世文献记载,秦汉以降,司法领域中的冤案和滞狱问题逐渐凸显,在一定程度上激化了社会矛盾。为追求“政平讼理”的统治目标,历朝统治者积极采取一定的措施应对积案问题,如设定并完善审限制度、整饬诉讼秩序、加强吏治建设、改善民生而缓解社会矛盾等,这些举措对防治积案问题起到了一定的效果,可为当下法治建设提供镜鉴。“Accumulated Cases”refer to judicial cases that have been backlog for a long time due to violations of trial limits.The problem of accumulated cases is a legal and social governance problem in traditional China,which has a negative impact on the governance of officials and people's livelihoods.Under the limited judicial resources and rule by man environment in traditional China,the complexity of cases and the laziness of government officials directly affect the quality of judicial decisions.According to surviving literature,since the Qin and Han dynasties,the issues of unfair cases and accumulated cases in the judicial field have gradually become prominent,which has to some extent intensified social conflicts.In pursuit of the ruling goal of“political peace and litigation cleared”,rulers of previous dynasties actively took certain measures to address the accumulated cases,such as setting and improving the trial limit system,rectifying litigation order,strengthening the construction of official governance,improving people's livelihoods and alleviating social conflicts.These measures played a certain role in controlling the accumulated cases,and can provide a mirror for the current rule of law construction.

关 键 词：传统中国 积案 应对举措 审限 吏治 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]