论公序良俗视域下我国患者善终立法路径  

On the Legislative Path of Patients'Good Death in China from the Perspective of Public Order and Good Customs

作　　者：蔡耀燊 Cai Yaoshen

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《盛京法律评论》2024年第1期70-91,共22页Shengjing Law Review

摘　　要：经比较法考察,患者善终立法受公序良俗变迁影响:公序良俗变革使自杀去罪化,患者生命自主权逐步形成。但患者生命自主不等于他人需协助患者善终,公序良俗依旧守成“禁止剥夺他人生命”规则。随着善终观念改变和善终风险可控,公序良俗在守成中变革:协助善终去罪化、协助善终手段从尊严死(消极安乐死)拓展到协助自杀再到积极安乐死、协助善终主体从医务人员拓展到亲属朋友。对此,我国可予借鉴并根据本土的公序良俗进行善终立法。首先,确立患者生命自主权;其次,完善目前的协助善终合法化路径;最后,在社会风险可控和民众观念改变的前提下推进和完善我国患者善终立法。Through comparative study,the legislation of patients'dying well is influenced by the changes of public order and good customs:the changes of public order and good customs decriminalize suicide and patients'autonomy in life is gradually formed;however,the patient's autonomy in life does not mean that others have to help the patient to die well,and public order and good customs still adhere to the rule of“prohibiting depriving others of their lives”;the public order and good customs have changed in the process of persistence:assisting in decriminalization of dying well,expanding the means of dying well from death with dignity(passive euthanasia)to assisting suicide and then actively euthanasia,and assisting in expanding the subject of dying well from medical staff to relatives and friends.In this regard,China can learn from it and legislate for a good death according to local public order and good customs.First,establish the patient's autonomy in life.Secondly,improve the current path of assisting the legalization of a good end.Finally,under the premise of controllable social risks and changes in people's concepts,we will promote and improve the legislation of patients'dying well in China.

关 键 词：公序良俗 善终 生命安全 生命尊严 立法路径 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D923[政治法律—法学]