跨国文物追索的法律困境与路径优化  

Legal Issues and Path Optimization of Transnational Cultural Property Restitution

作　　者：张明达 Zhang MingDa

机构地区：[1]北京市平谷区人民法院

出　　处：《盛京法律评论》2024年第1期47-69,共23页Shengjing Law Review

摘　　要：两次世界大战以及和平时期的非法贩运,导致文物的破坏与流失。国际社会和文物来源国认识到文物保护的重要性,并制定了一系列关于文物保护和追索的规则。然而,这些规则在诉诸司法途径时受到自身效力与既有规则的限制,使得追索请求在外国法院受阻。国际上,代表性国家的文物法在溯及力、域外效力、善意取得、诉讼时效等具体规则上作出了修正。随着替代性纠纷解决机制的发展,当事方通过仲裁、谈判、调解等方式,弥补以跨国诉讼方式追索文物的不足。我国在处理文物纠纷时,应积极参与文物法与国际公共政策的重塑,寻求多元的文物纠纷解决路径,统筹文物领域的国内法治与涉外法治。The two World-War and peacetime illicit trafficking have resulted in the destruction and loss of cultural property.The international community and the origin countries have recognized the importance of cultural property protection and formulated a series of rules on cultural property protection and recovery.However,these rules are limited by their own effectiveness and the existing rules when resorting to courts,which makes claims blocked in foreign courts.Internationally,the cultural property laws of representative countries have made amendments to specific rules such as retroactivity,extraterritorial effect,bonafide acquisition,and statute of limitation.With the development of alternative dispute resolution,the claimants make up for the deficiency of transnational litigation by means of arbitration,negotiation and mediation.When dealing with cultural property disputes,China should actively participate in the reconstruction of cultural property law and international public policy,seek multiple ways to solve cultural property disputes,and coordinate the domestic and foreign rule of law in the field of cultural property.

关 键 词：文物法 文物返还 多元纠纷解决机制 文物法的适用 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]