中国古代地方监察制度的运转与变迁逻辑——基于两汉刺史制度的历史考察  

The Operation and Transformation Logic of the Local Supervision System in Ancient China—A Historical Examination Based on the Provincial Governor System of the Han Dynasty

作　　者：袁柏顺[1] 郑朝阳 Yuan Baishun;Zheng Zhaoyang

机构地区：[1]湖南大学廉政研究中心 [2]湖南大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《廉政学研究》2024年第2期19-52,204-205,共36页Clean-Governance Study

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“新型腐败和隐性腐败的特点、规律及防治策略研究”(项目编号:24AZD075)

摘　　要：地方监察制度是古代国家治理体系的重要组成部分。两汉刺史制度作为具有代表性的地方监察制度,已有研究很少讨论其在国家治理体系中的运转与变迁逻辑。基于委托-代理理论和历史制度主义,本文以“国家治理下的监察运转”“历史进程中的监察变迁”为分析框架,对两汉刺史制度的运转与变迁逻辑进行了分析。研究发现,“国家治理下的监察运转”体现为“委托授权下的全周期地方监察循环模式”,即中央对监察代理人和行政代理人分别进行委托授权,监察代理人对行政代理人进行主体监察、对治理政务进行过程监察、对治理指标进行结果监察,监察代理人将“政治秩序”“社会稳定”“经济民生”等监察结果汇总为信息奏报中央,中央根据监察信息进行双向激励,并调整权力分配格局进行新一轮的委托授权。“历史进程中的监察变迁”则是因宏观情境和制度结构而造成的监察代理人“地方定位稳固”“监察权力加重”“军政权责强化”的变迁趋势。The local supervision system is an important part of the ancient national governance system.As a representative local supervisory system in the Han dynasty,the research has seldom discussed the logic of its operation and change in the national governance system.On the basis of principal-agent theory and historical institutionalism,the analytical frameworks of“the operation of supervision under national governance”and“the change of supervision in the course of history”are constructed,and the operation and change of the system of provincial governor in the Han dynasty are analyzed.The study finds that the“functioning of supervision under national governance”is embodied in the“full-cycle local supervision cycle model under delegated authority”,the central government delegated authority to the supervisory agent and the administrative agent,the supervisory agent supervised the administrative agent in the main body,supervised the administrative agent in the process,and supervised the administrative affairs in the process,and supervised the administrative affairs of the government in the process.The central government delegates authority to the monitoring agent and the administrative agent respectively,and the monitoring agent carries out subjective monitoring of the administrative agent,process monitoring of the governance affairs,and result monitoring of the governance indicators,and the monitoring agent summarizes the results of the monitoring of“political order”,“social stability”,“economy and people's livelihoods”into information.The monitoring agent will summarize the results of“political order”,“social stability”,“economy and people's livelihood”and so on into information for reporting to the central government,and the central government will carry out two-way incentives according to the monitoring information and adjust the pattern of power distribution to carry out a new round of entrustment authorization.The“change of supervision in the course of history”is the resul

关 键 词：地方监察制度 刺史制度 国家治理 运转逻辑 变迁逻辑 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学] D691.49[历史地理—中国史]