被遮蔽的“正当性”——评《爪牙:清代县衙的书吏与差役》  

TheObscured“Legitimacy”———Review of Talons and Teeth:County Clerks and Runners in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：曾语林 Zeng Yulin

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学全面依法治国研究院

出　　处：《民间法》2024年第4期343-360,共18页

摘　　要：县衙吏役作为县衙“细事”的主要执行者,在基层行政运作中占据着不可或缺的重要地位。既有研究多关注宏观的地方政府结构,对吏役的出身背景和行为逻辑多有忽视。在角色定位上,形式上的“非法”行为掩盖了吏役行为所隐含的社会逻辑及其正当性,从而使得吏役常常伴随着“奸佞贪腐”之污名。白德瑞基于巴县地方档案,引入人类学视角审视清代县衙的微观行政实践,拨开了策略性话语的迷雾,吏役游离于法律权威之外的非正式行为获得正视和解释。在县衙这一特定场域内,非正式规范是对地方权力分配的回应,在国家层面上看,其亦是兼顾上层稳定性与下层灵活性的必然之策。吏役的惯例性做法具有不依托于合法性而存在的正当性价值。As the main executors of the detailed affairs of the county yamen,county clerks and runners occupy an important and indispensable position in the operation of the grass-roots administration.Existing studies have focused on the macro structure of county-level government,but have neglected the background and behavioral logic of the mandarins.The formally“illegal”behaviors in the role positioning cover up the social logic and legitimacy implied in the behavior of the officials,thus making the officials often accompanied by the stigma of“treacherous and corrupt”.Based on the local archives of Ba County,Bradly W.Reed introduces an anthropological perspective to examine the micro-administrative practices of the county government offices in the Qing Dynasty,clearing the fog of strategic discourse,so that the informal behaviors of the clerks and runners,which were outside the authority of the law,are confronted and explained.In the specific field of the county office,informal norms were a response to the distribution of local power,and at the national level,they were also a necessity to balance the stability of the upper level with the flexibility of the lower level.The customary practices of the clerks and runners have a legitimizing value that does not depend on legality.

关 键 词：地方政府 吏役 正当性 权力话语 地方档案 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K249[政治法律—中外政治制度]