著作权司法裁判中的政策考量——以翻译合理使用为研究视角  

Policy considerations in copyright judicial adjudication-from the perspective of translation fair use

作　　者：鲁甜 Lu Tian

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学经济法(知识产权)学院

出　　处：《民间法》2024年第4期271-289,共19页

基　　金：西北政法大学“习近平法治思想融入《知识产权基本理论与国际保护课程》的路径研究”;(编号:YJZX2024004)

摘　　要：著作权是政府公共政策的制度选择。政策既体现在立法中也通过司法层面得到执行。翻译合理使用是我国国家政策的体现,能够通过目的解释渗透至司法审判中。但实践中,法院对翻译合理使用的适用范围存有疑问。在法律的计划与技术现实存在罅隙时,严格文义解释有悖于翻译合理使用的政策目标。翻译合理使用的司法裁判应当充分考量政策,以实现少数民族文化权利等目标。但政策考量并非无限,翻译合理使用的政策考量受到国际公约的限制。基于政策考量,应当调整个案中翻译合理使用的适用范围,将可利用的作品从狭隘的文字作品扩展至视听作品;同时,应当借助比例原则完善司法裁判中的政策考量。Copyright is the institutional choice of government public policy.Policies are both reflected in legislation and implemented at the judicial level.The reasonable use of translation is a reflection of Chinas national policy,and it should be able to penetrate into judicial trials through purposeful interpretation.However,in practice,courts have doubts about the scope of application of reasonable use in translation.When there is a gap between the legal plan and the technological reality,the translation and reasonable use of textual interpretation contradict the policy objectives of this clause.When the economic benefits of rational use conflict with institutional policy concepts,individual cases should prioritize serving the policy objectives of the system.But the purpose of interpretation is not infinite,and policy considerations in judicial decisions are limited by international conventions.In order to ensure the achievement of the policy objectives of fair use in translation,in practice,on the one hand,the scope of fair use in translation should be adjusted,and the available works should be expanded from narrow textual works to audiovisual works.On the other hand,in order to balance the interests of ethnic minorities and rights holders,it is necessary to shift from restricting the reasonable use of translated works in translation to the acquisition of the target audience.

关 键 词：翻译合理使用 政策考量 三步检测法 比例原则 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]