村民将习惯灌溉用水权转让给工业用水人之行为效力判定——由一起案例引发的思考  

Determination of the validity of the transfering customary irrigation water rights from a villager to an industrial water user———Thoughts provoked by a case

作　　者：杨惠菊[1] 江钦辉 Yang Hui-ju;Jiang Qin-hui

机构地区：[1]福州外语外贸学院 [2]新疆大学法学院 [3]新疆社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《民间法》2024年第4期214-226,共13页

基　　金：福建省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心一般项目“习近平总书记在福建工作期间关于推进生态省建设的重要论述和探索实践研究”(编号:FJ2022XZB061)

摘　　要：农村集体经济组织成员基于历史传统和用水习惯对本集体经济组织之水塘或水库中的水,包括其承包地内的水源享有习惯灌溉用水权,但是由于国家对水资源实行了严格的管理和保护制度,故对习惯灌溉用水权的转让,特别是将习惯灌溉用水权转让给工业用水人的行为应予以严格限制,仅允许节余的习惯灌溉用水权在不损害水资源具有的社会价值、生存保障价值、生态环境价值的前提下转让给工业用水人,以更好地保护社会公共利益。对于非节余的习惯灌溉用水权转让给工业用水人之行为,当事人有意图通过合同的约定去排除《水法》第7条有关“实行取水许可制度”这一规定的适用,损害了社会公共利益,应根据《民法典》第153条第2款这一“公序良俗”条款认定合同无效,以更好地应对我国面临的水资源危机。“Customary water rights”of members of rural collective economic organizations to water in the ponds or reservoirs of the collective economic organization,based on historical traditions and water-use habits.Including water sources within its contracted land obtain custom-ary irrigation water rights.However,due to the strict management and protection system of water resources implemented by the country,that the transfer of customary irrigation water rights,in particular,strict restrictions should be imposed on the conversion of transfer of customary irrigation water rights to industrial water users,only surplus customary irrigation water rights are allowed to be transferred to industrial water users without compromising the social value,survival guarantee value,and ecological environment value of water resources,to better protect the public interest of society.For the conversion of non-savings transfer of customary irrigation water rights to industrial water users,the parties sought to exclude by contractual agreement the application of article 7 of the Water Law on the“implementation of the water abstraction licensing system”,to the detriment of the public interest.Therefore,the contract should be deemed invalid according to the“Public order and morality”clause in Article 153,paragraph 2 of the Civil Code,to better address the water crisis facing the country.

关 键 词：习惯灌溉用水权 转让行为 限制条件 社会公共利益 合同无效 

分 类 号：D922.66[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D923[政治法律—法学]