作为法律概念的谣言:目的、要素及适用  

Constructing Legal Concept of Rumor———Perspective on Relationship between Concept Value and Concept Elements

作　　者：修佳星 Xiu Jiaxing

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院

出　　处：《民间法》2024年第3期149-163,共15页

摘　　要：行政法领域众多法律法规中“谣言”的表述已被径直使用,但就“谣言”本身却未形成规范性意义的概念。通过回溯现有法律法规的理念,并在理论论辩的意义上呈现关于规制谣言的规范目的或法律价值,可以辨析得出构成谣言概念的事实性要素与结果性要素。作为法律概念的谣言,其在事实性要素上应剔除非事实内容,并强调该要素对于认知对象整体的主导地位;而就结果性要素则应当在公共秩序维护和规制伤害的意义上设定。在谣言概念确立的基础上,其法律适用应当在法律概念而非一般表述的意义上对待谣言现象,以促进适用的统一。当关涉谣言概念的法律适用出现文义与目的悖反的情形,则应当基于谣言概念的规范目的对概念要素进行调整,以平衡法律适用的稳定与妥当。In the field of administrative law,the expression of“rumor”has been used directly in many laws and regulations,but the normative concept of“rumor”has not be established.By retrospecting the ideal of the existing laws and regulations,and presenting the normative purpose or legal value of regulating rumors in the sense of theoretical debate,we can distinguish the factual elements and the result elements that constitute the concept of rumors.As a legal concept,the non-factual content should be excluded from the factual elements,and the dominant position of the factual elements for the whole cognitive object should be emphasized.The result elements should be set in the sense of public order maintenance and right protection.On the basis of the establishment of the concept of rumor,its legal application should treat the phenomenon of rumor in the sense of legal concept rather than general expression,so as to promote the unity of application.In the situation that the meaning and purpose are contrary in legal application of the concept of rumor,the conceptual elements should be adjusted based on the normative purpose of the concept of rumor to balance the stability and appropriateness of the application of law.

关 键 词：谣言 概念目的 事实性要素 结果性要素 法律适用 

分 类 号：D90-055[政治法律—法学理论]