数据治理之科斯定理的实现——基于法律和技术双重视角的模型论证  

Implementation of Coase's Law of Data Governance—Model demonstration based on the dual perspectives of law andtechnology

作　　者：谷平华 邓慧强 Gu Pinghua;Deng Huiqiang

机构地区：[1]湖南省互联网信息办公室 [2]国防科技大学军政基础教育学院

出　　处：《民间法》2024年第2期50-69,共20页

基　　金：湖南省水利科技项目(编号:XSKJ2022068-10)

摘　　要：数据确权、流通交易和数据安全是数据治理的三个支点。然而,数据确权是否有利于或者阻碍数据流通交易,数据治理如何在不违背互联网自由开放之本质属性的前提下实现低成本运行、高效率输出,既需要法律制度设计,又需要有效的技术支持。鉴于此,课题组采用区块链、隐私计算、联邦学习等技术,研究开发了水质数据确权及流通交易的支持系统。该系统具备支持数据权属划分、溯源、流通、交易、审计的能力。实现科斯定理和互联网本质所要求的“成本递减、效益递增”的状态,一方面需要在制度设计上确立区分原则,使得公共数据共享利用以自由开放为主,私有数据流通交易以低成本运行为主;另一方面需要有效运用好隐私技术、区块链技术,建设可信数据流通数字基础设施,结合信任链建立权责明晰的可信共享通道,通过加密计算通道解决数据隐私保护及流通全程监管存证等问题。Data rights confirmation,circulation and trading,and data security are the three fulcrums of data governance.However,whether data rights confirmation is conducive to or hinders data circulation and transactions,and how data governance can achieve low-cost operation and high-efficiency output without violating the essential attributes of the Internet's freedom and openness,requires both legal system design and effective technical support.Based on this,the research group uses blockchain,privacy computing,federal learning and other technologies to study and develop the support system for water quality data right confirmation and circulation transaction,which has the ability to support data ownership division,traceability,circulation,transaction and audit.To achieve the state of“decreasing costs and increasing benefits”required by Coase's law and the nature of the Internet,on the one hand,it is necessary to establish the principle of differentiation in institutional design,so that the sharing and utilization of public data is mainly free and open,and the private data circulation and transaction is mainly low-cost operation;On the other hand,it is necessary to make effective use of privacy technology and blockchain technology,build a digital infrastructure for trusted data circulation,establish a trusted sharing channel with clear rights and responsibilities in combination with the trust chain,and solve the problems of data privacy protection and supervision and evidence preservation throughout the circulation process through encrypted computing channels.

关 键 词：数据治理 数据确权 流通交易 法律规制 技术支持 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D913[政治法律—法学]