东传日本的炽盛光信仰研究  

A Study on the ChishōkōBelief from China to Japan

作　　者：姚琼 

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学东亚研究院、日本研究中心

出　　处：《日本学研究》2023年第1期105-118,共14页

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地课题“东亚视域下的古代日本禳疫仪礼研究(8~12世纪)”(编号:20JDZD019);国家社会科学基金青年项目“中日文化对比视野下的古代日本禳疫仪礼及疫神信仰研究”(编号:20CZJ020)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：在日本平安时期的各类密教修法中,炽盛光修法以其应对天变地异、疾疫流行等除灾消灾的功能受到天台宗的重视,被视为“镇护国家第一秘法”。本文以唐代从中国传入日本的炽盛光法及其信仰为对象,通过对日本平安朝炽盛光修法记录的梳理以及与同一时期中国的信仰状况的对比,考察从中国唐代传入的炽盛光信仰对日本古代宗教社会的影响,并提出以下观点:日本的炽盛光信仰是由入唐求法僧带入的,相对于较早译出的炽盛光经典,求法僧选择了先将修法仪轨带回,后由唐商将炽盛光经典带入日本,这与中国更重视对炽盛光经典以及咒文的念诵不同;传入日本的炽盛光信仰在不同时期呈现的特点具有差异性;平安后期,炽盛光修法逐渐成为天台宗僧人寻求与朝廷建立联系、获得国家的支持以及获得僧纲地位的手段之一。During the Heian period in Japan,the practice of Chishōkōwas highly esteemed by the Tendai school for its ability to respond to natural disasters and was considered to be the“first secret defense of the nation”.This paper focuses on the Chishōkōpractice and its beliefs that were transmitted from China to Japan during the Tang dynasty.By examining the records of Chishōkōpractice during the Heian period in Japan and comparing it with the religious situation in China at the same time,this paper explores the impact of the Chishōkōbelief that was transmitted from China on Japan’s ancient religious society.The following points are proposed:The Chishōkōbelief in Japan was brought in by the Japanese monks who had gone to China seeking the Buddhist teachings.Compared to the earlier translated Chishōkōscriptures,the monks brought back the ritual practices first and then brought the Chishōkōscriptures to Japan via Chinese merchants,which was different from China’s emphasis on the recitation of Chishōkōscriptures and mantras.The Chishōkōbelief that was transmitted to Japan showed different characteristics during different periods.In the later Heian period,the practice of Chishōkōgradually became one of the means for Tendai monks to establish contact with the court,obtain national support,and acquire the status of a Buddhist sect.

关 键 词：炽盛光信仰 密教修法 佛教信仰 古代社会 

分 类 号：B949[哲学宗教—宗教学] K313[历史地理—历史学]