南诏时期大理地区观音信仰的两种主要形态:以《南诏图传·文字传》为中心的考察  

Two Main Forms of Guanyin Faith in the Dali Area During the Nanzhao Period:An Examination Based on the Nanzhao Tu Zhuan:Textual Records

作　　者：现了 Xianliao(The China's Buddhist Academy of Mt.Putuo)

机构地区：[1]中国佛学院普陀山学院

出　　处：《普陀学刊》2024年第1期140-153,325-326,共16页

摘　　要：观音信仰自形成以来,随着佛教的广泛传播而流行于各地,被誉为“半个亚洲的信仰”。然而流传到各地的观音信仰,均会因当地地域文化的影响而呈现出不同的信仰形态。本文以《南诏图传·文字传》为主要考察对象,结合历史史实,对于南诏时期大理地区的观音信仰进行论述,指出汉地观音信仰于7世纪中后期传入大理地区,在8世纪中期之前较为流行的主要形态无从考究。自8世纪中期之后,大理地区流行的观音信仰主要有两种形态:第一种为授记蒙氏建国,体现君权神授的梵僧观音信仰,主要盛行于公元8世纪中期至9世纪前期;第二种为阿嵯耶观音信仰,这种信仰经历了从9世纪中前期南诏民间普通的佛教信仰到9世纪中后期王权介入重新建构体现王权意志的观音佛王信仰的转变。南诏王室所建构的阿嵯耶观音信仰,体现出强烈的民族意识。The faith in Guanyin,since its inception,has spread widely as Buddhism has disseminated across various arcas,carning it the reputation of being a“faith of half of Asia”.However,Guanyin faith as it spreads to different areas often takes on distinct forms influenced by the local cultural context.This paper primarily focuses on the Nanzhao Tu Zhuan:Textual Records and combines historical evidence to discuss Guanyin faith in the Dali area during the Nanzhao period.It notes that Guanyin faith from Han China began to enter the Dali area in the mid to late 7th century and became more prevalent before the mid-8th century,but its primary forms during this early period remain unclear.From the mid-8th century onwards,there were two main forms of Guanyin faith in the Dali area.The first form was the Indian Monk Guanyin faith,which emphasized divine right of kings and was prevalent from the mid-8th century to the early 9th century.The second form was the A-cuo-ye Guanyin faith,which transitioned from a common folk Buddhist belief in the early to mid-9th century to a royal Guanyin Buddha King faith that reflected royal will,with royal involvement in its reconstruction.The A-cuo-ye Guanyin faith constructed by the Nanzhao royal family reflected a strong sense of national consciousness.

关 键 词：南诏 大理地区 梵僧观音 君权神授 阿嵯耶观音 民族意识 

分 类 号：B949.2[哲学宗教—宗教学] K242[历史地理—历史学]