观音道场的印度渊源及其中国化抉择  

The Indian Origins of the Guanyin Bodhimanda and Its Sinicization Choices

作　　者：李利安[1] Li Li’an(Xuanzang Research Institute,Northwest University)

机构地区：[1]西北大学玄奘研究院

出　　处：《普陀学刊》2024年第1期22-46,320-321,共27页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国佛教方志研究与数据库建设(20&ZD260)”阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：在佛教历史上,神圣空间始终是一种重要的信仰元素,特别是作为信仰者与信仰对象之间神圣关系的建构方式之一,激发并维系一种特别的心理体验,对强化佛教信仰、推动佛教修行、凝聚佛教情感、夯实佛教基础、沉淀佛教资源等都起到了重要的作用。作为中国佛教领域最具感召力和信众基础的神圣空间,普陀山既是古代印度普陀落迦山或其他多种类似不同译名的最终简称,也是印度佛教观音驻地在中国的空间转移。从印度佛教关于观音驻地的不同经典记述,到中国人对这些不同记述的理解与整合,再到中国人对观音驻地的文化解读与空间转移,既体现了观音道场作为一种神圣空间元素在观音信仰体系中的重要性在逐渐增长,也体现了中印佛教实力彼此消长背景下中国佛教自主意识的增强和独立体系的形成。作为神圣空间领域佛教中国化的最大成就,观音道场的中国化和普陀山地位的最终确立,堪称中印佛教文化交往的典型案例,也是丝绸之路特别是海上丝绸之路佛教传播的历史结晶。In the history of Buddhism,sacred spaces have always been important elements of faith,particularly as a means of constructing the sacred relationship between believers and their objects of worship.They evoke and sustain a unique psychological experience,playing a significant role in strengthening Buddhist beliefs,promoting Buddhist practices,fostering Buddhist emotions,solidifying the Buddhist foundation,and preserving Buddhist resources.Mount Putuo,as the most appealing and well-supported sacred space in the field of Chinese Buddhism,is not only the final abbreviation of the ancient Indian name Potalaka or various similar transliterations but also represents the spatial transfer of Indian Buddhist Guanyin to China.From the diverse scriptural accounts of Indian Buddhism regarding Guanyin's abode to the Chinese understanding and integration of these varying narratives,as well as the cultural interpretation and spatial transfer of Guanyin’s abode in China,it reflects the growing importance of the Guanyin sacred space as a sacred element within the Guanyin belief system.It also illustrates the strengthening of China’s independent consciousness and the formation of an independent system within ChineseBuddhism,against the backdrop of the fluctuating strengths of Indian and Chinese Buddhism.As the greatest achievement in the Sinicization of Buddhism in the domain of sacred spaces,the Sinicization of the Guanyin sacred space and the ultimate establishment of Mount Putuo’s status can be regarded as a typical case of cultural exchange between Indian and Chinese Buddhism.It is also a historical culmination of the transmission of Buddhism,particularly maritime Buddhism,along the Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road.

关 键 词：观音道场 普陀山 神圣空间 佛教中国化 

分 类 号：B948[哲学宗教—宗教学]