王家沟小流域泥沙来源对侵蚀环境变化的响应  

Response of Sediment Sources in Wangjiagou Small Watershed to Changes in Erosion Environment

作　　者：赵楠[1] 郭丽丽[2] 贾芳[1] 赵世昌 程彬彬 Zhao Nan;Guo Lili;Jia Fang;Zhao Shichang;Cheng Binbin(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030013,China;Nanjing Research Institute of Hydrology and Water Conservation Automation,Ministry of Water Resources,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210012,China;Xinghualing District of Taiyuan City Water Authority,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030000,China;College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学水土保持科学研究所,山西太原030013 [2]水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所,江苏南京210012 [3]太原市杏花岭区水务局,山西太原030000 [4]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《山西水土保持科技》2024年第4期26-30,共5页Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology in Shanxi

基　　金：山西省水利科学技术研究与推广项目(2023GM39,2021LS019,2024GM25);山西省基础研究计划(20210302124370)

摘　　要：王家沟流域侵蚀环境发生了显著变化,农民弃耕导致大量坡耕地撂荒,通过一系列水土流失综合治理、生态建设工程和退耕还林还草措施的实施,流域内植被得到有效恢复。为探明变化环境对王家沟流域泥沙来源及侵蚀特征的影响,项目选取流域内花曲沟骨干坝坝前堆积泥沙作为目标泥沙,采用复合指纹技术,确定泥沙来源及贡献率,对应目标沉积泥沙分析不同类型泥沙源地对侵蚀产沙的影响。研究表明:(1)三泥沙源地的平均贡献率表现为沟壁(58.64%)>沟坡(21.29%)>坡耕地(20.28%),沟壁是小流域主要的产沙区,未来研究区水土保持工作应着重于沟壁的治理;(2)坡耕地不再是小流域泥沙最主要的来源,可见坡耕地治理等水土保持措施发挥其效益;(3)林草地对沉积泥沙贡献率很低,可见退耕还林还草工程有效减少了小流域的侵蚀产沙;(4)在维护现有治理成果的基础上,提高沟坡植被覆盖度,加强坡面及沟道治理。研究成果能够为进一步优化当地水土保持措施提供指导,有效防治水土流失。In the past 30 years,significant changes have occurred in the erosion environment of the Wangjiagou watershed.After a series of comprehensive control of soil and water loss,ecological construction projects,and the implementation of returning farmland to forest and grassland,the vegetation in the basin has been effectively restored.In order to explore the response of sediment sources and erosion characteristics to the changing environment in the Wangjiagou watershed,this project selected the Wangjiashan small watershed in the watershed and used composite fingerprint technology to determine its sediment sources and contribution rates.Corresponding to the target sediment deposition,the impact of different types of sediment sources on erosion and sediment production was analyzed.The study showed that:(1)the average contribution rate of sediment source areas was as follows:gully walls(58.64%)>gully slopes(21.29%)>sloping farmland(20.28%).Gully walls are the main sediment producing areas in the small watershed,and future soil and water conservation work in the study area should focus on the management of gully walls.(2)Slope farmland is no longer the main source of sediment in the small watershed,which shows that soil and water conservation measures such as slope farmland management have their benefits.(3)The contribution rate of forest and grassland land to sediment is very low,which shows that the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland effectively reduces the erosion and sediment production in small watershed.(4)On the basis of maintaining existing governance achievements,it has increased vegetation coverage on gully slopes and strengthened slope and channel management.The results of this article can guide the local area to further improve soil and water conservation measures and prevent soil erosion.

关 键 词：复合指纹识别技术 泥沙来源 泥沙贡献率 土壤侵蚀 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]