福州市电子制造业人员颈部工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤影响因素的结构方程模型研究  

Structural equation model study on the influencing factors of neck WMSDs in electronic manufacturing workers in Fuzhou City

作　　者：许旭艳[1] 刘佩芳 沈波[1] 刘建华[1] 刘逸飞 XU Xuyan;LIU Peifang;SHEN Bo;LIU Jianhua;LIU Yifei(Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou,Fujian 350200,China;School of Public Health,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350122,China)

机构地区：[1]福州市疾病预防控制中心,福建福州350200 [2]福建医科大学公共卫生学院,福建福州350122

出　　处：《海峡预防医学杂志》2024年第6期9-13,共5页Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：福州市卫生健康科研创新团队培育项目(2020-S-wt9);福州市卫生健康系统科技计划项目-中青年人才科研项目(2022-S-wq15)

摘　　要：目的构建福州市电子制造业人员颈部工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤(WMSDs)影响因素的结构方程模型,为疾病防治提供依据。方法2023年12月至2024年4月,用分层整群抽样法、《中文版肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》电子问卷系统,对福州市电子制造业人员进行调查,构建个体因素、工效学因素、组织管理因素、肌肉疲劳和颈部WMSDs关系的结构方程模型。结果电子制造业人员2534人中颈部WMSDs发生率23.4%(593/2534);个体因素的性别、身高、工龄,工效学因素中的颈部姿势、颈部长时间保持同一姿势、长时间保持低头、长时间保持转头,组织管理因素中的每周工作时长、休息时间是否充足、自主决定何时开始和结束工作,最终被纳入颈部WMSDs影响因素结构方程模型。模型的适配度指数0.938、调整适配度指数0.923、近似误差平方根0.048,拟合效果良好;工效学因素对颈部WMSDs的标准化路径系数(Beta)为0.202,个体因素、工效学因素、组织管理因素对疲劳的Beta值分别为0.067、0.231和0.269,疲劳对颈部WMSDs的Beta值为0.531。结论工效学因素对电子行业作业人员颈部WMSDs的发生有直接正向作用,并通过疲劳产生间接作用;个体因素和组织管理因素通过疲劳对颈部WMSDs的发生有间接作用。Objective To construct a structural equation model of the influencing factors of neck WMSDs among electronic manufacturing workers in Fuzhou City,providing a scientific basis for disease prevention and control.Methods From December 2023 to April 2024,a stratified cluster sampling method was used to recruit electronic manufacturing workers in Fuzhou.The Chinese Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was administered online.A structural equation model was constructed to investigate the relationships between individual factors,ergonomic factors,organizational management factors,muscle fatigue,and neck WMSDs.Results The incidence of WMSDs in neck among 2534 electronic manufacturing workers was 23.4%(593/2534).Individual factors including gender,height,and years of service,ergonomic factors including neck posture,prolonged maintenance of the same neck posture,long periods of head-down position,and prolonged neck rotation,as well as organizational management factors such as weekly working hours,sufficiency of rest time,and the autonomy to decide when to start and end work,were ultimately included in the structural equation model of factors influencing neck WMSDs.The standardized path coefficient(Beta)of ergonomic factors for neck WMSDs was 0.202.The Beta values for individual factors,ergonomic factors,and organizational management factors on fatigue were 0.067,0.231,and 0.269,respectively.The Beta value of fatigue on neck WMSDs was 0.531.Conclusion Ergonomic factors have a direct positive effect on the occurrence of neck WMSDs among electronic industry workers and an indirect effect through fatigue.Individual factors and organizational management factors have an indirect effect on the occurrence of neck WMSDs through fatigue.

关 键 词：电子制造作业人员 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：R135.99[医药卫生—劳动卫生]