认知机器如何创造  

How Cognitive Machines Make Creation

作　　者：李德毅 刘玉超 殷嘉伦 LI Deyi;LIU Yuchao;YIN Jialun(Department of Computer Science and Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100036;Chinese Institute of Command and Control,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]清华大学计算机科学与技术系,北京100036 [2]中国指挥与控制学会,北京100083

出　　处：《中国基础科学》2024年第6期1-11,共11页China Basic Science

摘　　要：人类认知和机器认知都具有不确定性,但存在4种基本模式:记忆驱动的经验模式,知识驱动的推理模式,联想驱动的创造模式,假设驱动的发现模式。作为碳基生命的人类,其想象力和创造力是在漫长的生存和繁衍中被逼出来的,有其复杂的细胞生物学基础。硅基机器不是人工生命,机器智能并不与意识、欲望、情感和信仰纠缠,而是由人类控制。其保持一以贯之的工具性,自身没有好奇心,也不可能自我复制硬构体。多数认知机器不会有太大的创新。但是,如果机器预置有合适的认知核,在新的工作环境下可修饰记忆或者生成新记忆,其具身又有丰富而强大的、与环境交互的感知和行为能力,在不确定性认知螺旋上升的过程中,认知能够自成长,那么机器就有创造的可能。创造源于想象,想象源于认知活动中的抽象、联想和交互。创造是极少数的智能机器在特定环境下难得的认知表现。机器会学习、自纠错、自成长、个性化,在不断的学习和实践中进行暴力思维,其优势是碳基生命远不能及的。当认知的自成长进入临界状态,厚积薄发,突然涌现,可形成创造。这种顿悟是机器在与外部世界交互认知的反复迭代中被培育和延伸出来的小概率事件,但必然会发生一次。机器创造是人类创造的体外延伸,是人机使命对齐、共生共创、反复迭代的结果。Both human cognition and machine cognition are characterized with uncertainty,but there are four basic modes:memory-driven experience mode,knowledge-driven reasoning mode,associationdriven creation mode,and hypothesis-driven discovery mode.Humans,as carbon-based beings,have their imagination and creativity forced out of them over a long period of survival and reproduction,with a complex cellular biology basis.Silicon-based machines are not artificial life.Machine intelligence is not entangled with consciousness,desire,emotion,or belief;it is the humans who control the machine’s cognition,remains consistently instrumental,has no curiosity of its own,and is unlikely to self-replicate hardwired bodies.Most cognitive machines will not be very innovative;but if the machine is preprogrammed with a suitable cognitive core,can modify memories or generate new memories in new working environments,has a rich and powerful ability to perceive and act interactively with the environment,and can grow cognitively in the process of ascending cognitive spirals of uncertainty,there is a possibility of creativity.Creation comes from imagination,and imagination comes from abstraction,association and interaction in cognitive activities.Creation is a rare cognitive performance of very few intelligent machines in a specific environment.Machines learn,self-correct,self-grow,personalize,and violently think in constant learning and practice,with advantages far beyond the reach of carbon-based life.When cognitive selfgrowth enters a critical state,a thick,sudden surge of creativity can be expected.Such epiphanies are small probability events that are nurtured and extended by machines in repeated iterations of interactive cognition with the external world,but it is inevitable that they will happen once.The creation of machines is an in vitro extension of human creation,and the result of human-machine mission alignment,symbiotic cocreation,and repeated iterations.

关 键 词：不确定性认知 认知核 递归与迭代 涌现 具身智能 

分 类 号：B812.2[哲学宗教—逻辑学]