公安行政裁量权不当行使的法律规制  

Legal Regulation on the Improper Exercise of Public Security Administrative Discretion

作　　者：翁孙哲[1] WENG Sun-zhe(School of Law,Zhejiang Police College,Hangzhou 310053,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江警察学院法学院,浙江杭州310053

出　　处：《政法学刊》2024年第6期104-115,共12页Journal of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：公安机关行使广泛的行政裁量权。为降低不当行使行政裁量权的风险,公安机关行政执法实践中,已经发展出多种规制途径,如推行裁量基准制度,法院以明显不当和滥用职权标准来撤销公安机关的决定,对公安机关的行政裁量进行评价。认定构成明显不当的标准包括:没有考虑相关因素、处罚畸轻畸重、违反过罚相当原则和比例原则、违反平等对待原则和违背业已广受共识的惯例与规定等。认定构成滥用职权的标准包含:存在不正当动机、违反立法精神、没有考虑相关因素和违反比例原则。没有考虑的相关因素包括:法定因素、一般常识性因素等。Public security organs assume the dual functions of administrative law enforcement and criminal justice.Due to various reasons,public security organs exercise extensive discretionary powers.There are risks such as abuse of power and malpractice for personal gain when public security organs exercise discretionary powers,so regulation is needed.In the practice of law enforcement and justice in China,various regulatory approaches have been developed.Public security organs implement the discretionary benchmark system.In judicial practice,courts evaluate the administrative discretion of public security organs by revoking their decisions based on the criteria of obvious impropriety and abuse of power.The standards for determining obvious impropriety include:failing to consider relevant factors,imposing disproportionately light or heavy penalties,violating the principle of equal treatment,and contravening widely accepted practices and regulations.The criteria for determining abuse of power encompass:the presence of improper motives,violating the legislative spirit,failing to consider relevant factors,and breaching the principle of proportionality.The relevant factors that may have been overlooked include statutory factors and common-sense factors.

关 键 词：行政裁量 裁量基准 明显不当 滥用职权 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]