非法吸收公众存款罪中“公众”的教义学诠释  

The Doctrinal Interpretation of the"Public"in the Crime of Illegally Absorbing Public Deposits

作　　者：胡宗金 HU Zong-jin(School of Law,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《政法学刊》2024年第6期49-56,共8页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“网络犯罪帮助行为的刑事制裁规范体系研究”(21YJC820017);山东省博士后创新项目“网络时代新型侵财行为的刑法规制研究”(202103007);青岛市博士后研究人员应用研究项目“刑法第十三条但书规定的功能研究”(262307)

摘　　要：我国刑法理论对于非法吸收公众存款罪中“公众”的含义未能达成一致意见,司法实践对于“公众”的认定欠缺统一而明确的标准。不特定对象说存在转移焦点、认定障碍以及实践困境等问题;普通投资者说误解了本罪的保护法益、存在逻辑漏洞、混淆集资方式。对于“公众”含义的界定标准,应当采用不特定对象与特定多数人择一说。“公众”包括不特定对象和特定多数人两种类型:不特定对象是指不限制参与者的人数和资质,投资者数量可以随时增加;特定多数人是指虽然限制投资者的范围和资质,但是数量超过二百人。择一说在认定标准上更为清晰、契合司法解释的精神、符合P2P平台监管的要求,并且能够合理界定非法吸收公众存款罪的处罚范围。There is no consensus on the meaning of"public"in the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits in China's criminal law theory,and there is a lack of uniform and clear criteria for the identification of"public"in judicial practice.The unspecified object theory has problems of shifting focus,identifying obstacles and practical dilemma.The common investor theory misunderstands the legal interests of the crime,has logical loopholes and leads to practical confusion.For the definition standard of the meaning of"public",we should adopt the theory of"choosing between a particular object and a particular majority".The"public"includes two types:the unspecified object refers to the situation in which investors can increase at any time without restricting the number and capital of participants;and the specific majority refers to the situation in which the number of investors exceeds 200 although the number and capital of investors are limited.The alternative theory is more clear in the standard of identification,in line with the spirit of judicial interpretation,in line with the requirements of P2P platform supervision,and can reasonably define the punishment scope of the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits.

关 键 词：非法吸收公众存款罪 公众 不特定对象说 普通投资者说 择一说 

分 类 号：DF626[政治法律—刑法学]