全民所有自然资源资产损害救济中的行政先行  

作　　者：李挚萍 李梁晗曦 

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2024年第6期149-160,共12页Jingchu Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“全民所有自然资源资产损害民事救济机制研究”(批准号:23BFX035)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：全民所有自然资源资产损害救济是自然资源资产产权制度改革的重要一环。目前全民所有自然资源资产损害救济路径总体上分为行政救济与司法救济两大类型。但救济方式之间缺乏确定的序位与衔接规则,影响救济的效率与效果。为了实现自然资源资产损害的最佳救济,基于对行使所有者职责行政机关的职权设定、履职效能以及专业性优势的分析,全民所有自然资源资产损害救济机制的运作应当遵循行政先行、司法垫后的原则。确立行使所有者职能的行政机关对损害事件的首发反应权,优先运用具有救济性质的行政措施进行救济。在行政救济不足从而进入司法救济场域的情形下,行政机关作为损害救济的起诉主体优位于其他起诉主体。这一设计可以为全面和高效地救济全民所有自然资源资产所有者权益提供制度保障。In response to the absence of rights holders,the lack of implementation of rights and responsibilities,and inadequate protection of rights and interests in the conservation and management of natural resources assets owned by the whole people,the State has promoted the establishment of a sound system for remedying damages to natural resources assets owned by the whole people on the basis of reforming the property rights system for natural resources assets owned by the whole people.At present,the remedy approaches for damages to natural resources assets owned by the whole people are generally categorized into two main types:administrative remedies and judicial remedies.However,there is a lack of a defined sequence and bridging rules between the remedies,which affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the relief.With a view to providing the best remedy for damage to natural resources assets,and based on an analysis of the set-up of the rights and duties of the administrative organ exercising owner’s responsibilities,the effectiveness in carrying out its duties and the advantages of its expertise,the operation of the mechanism for remedying damage to natural resources assets owned by the whole people should be guided by the principle of administrative remedies take precedence over judicial remedies.Establishing the right of the administrative organ exercising the owner’s power to respond first to damage incidents,prioritizing the use of administrative measures of a remedial nature for relief,and when administrative remedies are insufficient and enter the field of judicial remedies,the administrative organ,as the subject of prosecution for the relief of damages,should be prioritized over other subjects of prosecution.Such a design would provide a remedial system with clear responsibilities and comprehensive and efficient safeguards for the rights and interests of owners of natural resources assets owned by the whole people.

关 键 词：全民所有自然资源资产 所有者职责 损害救济 行政先行 司法救济 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]