破产程序中的加密货币  

作　　者：谭雯玲 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2024年第6期106-114,共9页Jingchu Law Review

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题“虚拟财产的私法调整规范研究”(项目编号:KG16304501);2023年河南省破产法学研究课题“破产程序中加密货币的处置困境及其应对路径研究”(项目编号:2023HNBL02)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：破产制度对加密货币的规范效果事关市场竞争的公平及金融稳定。在对加密货币是否属于破产财产进行判断时,强调所有权排他性的传统物权理论难以直接适用。为提升债权人受偿率,不论是破产债务人本人持有还是代持的加密货币,法院宜将加密货币的交换价值作为立足点,均将其纳入破产财产范畴。鉴于加密技术允许加密货币持有者以匿名/假名状态进行交易,为预防破产欺诈,针对破产企业,可以制定专门适用于加密货币的会计准则;针对破产个人,建议善用奖励性激励措施。最后,加密货币价值的高度不稳定性意味着在对加密货币的价值进行评估时,宜区分“直接清算”和“因无效或可撤销行为所引发的价值评估”两种情形,在平衡破产债务人与债权人利益诉求的基础上,谨慎选择评估基准日。The regulatory impact of bankruptcy laws on cryptocurrencies significantly influences market competition fairness and financial stability.Cryptocurrencies exists virtually.When deciding whether cryptocurrencies belong to bankruptcy property,it is problematic to directly apply to traditional property theory emphasizing ownership exclusivity enhance the repayment rate for creditors,whether the bankrupt debtor directly holds cryptocurrencies or holds them on behalf of others,the court tends to consider the exchange value of cryptocurrencies as a foundation,incorporating them into the scope of bankruptcy assets.Given that cryptographic technology allows cryptocurrency holders to conduct transactions in an anonymous or pseudonymous manner,as a preventive measure against bankruptcy fraud,specialized accounting standards applicable to cryptocurrencies can be devised for bankrupt enterprises.For individuals undergoing bankruptcy,it is recommended to leverage incentivizing measures to encourage their cooperation.Lastly,the high volatility in the value of cryptocurrencies signifies the need to distinguish between“direct liquidation”and“value assessment resulting from invalid or revocable actions”when evaluating cryptocurrency value.It is crucial to judiciously select the valuation reference date while balancing the interests of bankrupt debtors and creditors.

关 键 词：破产清算 加密货币 信息披露 破产撤销权 评估基准日 

分 类 号：D922.291.92[政治法律—经济法学] D923[政治法律—法学]