汾渭平原合院式风土建筑特征构成研究  

Characteristics of Vernacular Courtyard Houses in the Fenwei Plain,Northern China

作　　者：林晓丹 周易知[1] 冯子亭 Lin Xiaodan;Zhou Yizhi;Feng Ziting(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2024年第4期55-69,共15页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52408087);中国博士后科学基金(2024M752410)

摘　　要：文章以横跨晋陕两省的汾渭平原地区明清以来的合院式风土建筑为研究对象,从其微观特征的宏观地域分布出发,基于64个田野调查案例,提取宅院形制、梁架做法和装饰要素三个层面的建筑特征要素,并梳理其地域性特征。发现汾渭平原作为一个重要的地理单元,其合院式风土建筑平面构成以通间厅房的使用为主要特征;梁架做法与装饰要素等匠作文化与方言小片分区相关,呈现出不同的地域微特色,并以“渭河-黄河-汾河”河谷为脉络,呈现互动交融的趋势。This article examines the vernacular courtyard houses in the Fenwei Plain,spanning Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces,from the Ming and Qing dynasties(1368–1911)to the present.Based on 64 field survey cases,the article identifies their key architectural characteristics in three aspects:(1)courtyard types,(2)roof frame constructions,and(3)decorative elements,and clarifies the macro-geographical distribution.The article further analyses the regional characteristics of these aspects,arguing that the Fenwei Plain,as an important geographical unit,is distinguished by the prevalence of tongjian-tingfang(cross-bay halls)plan in its vernacular courtyard houses.In terms of craftsmanship,the roof frame constructions and decorative elements are related to regional dialect subdivisions,displaying a variety of local micro-characteristics integrated along the valleys of‘Weihe River–Yellow River–Fenhe River’.

关 键 词：合院民居 特征构成 汾渭平原 关中 晋南 风土建筑谱系 

分 类 号：TU241.5[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU-098.6