阿拉善藏传佛教经堂“延福寺”类型的比较与形制探源  

A Comparative Study and the Origins of the‘Yanfu Temple’Type in Tibetan Buddhist Sutra Halls in Alxa,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

作　　者：韩瑛 李昊[2] 李文华 杨昌鸣 Han Ying;Li Hao;Li Wenhua;Yang Changming(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072;College of Architecture,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051;Quanzhou Academy of Cultural Heritage,Quanzhou Normal University,Quanzhou 362000)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]内蒙古工业大学建筑学院,呼和浩特010051 [3]泉州师范学院泉州文化遗产研究院,泉州362000

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2024年第4期10-18,共9页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51968055,51978005,51478007)

摘　　要：内蒙古地区藏传佛教建筑的研究成果丰富,对形制源流和地域特征的进一步探索是目前判断此类建筑遗产价值面临的主要课题。文章以阿拉善地区藏传佛教寺庙中的经堂建筑为主要研究对象,通过多维度的史料研究和详细的比较分析,梳理了“延福寺”类型经堂建筑的基本形制,揭示了该类建筑的形制源流与地域特征。研究表明,“延福寺”类型经堂建筑受部族交流、宗教渊源以及相近地域营造技术传播等因素的影响,形成了汉藏混合的建筑形式。此类建筑以塔尔寺和隆务寺部分属庙的同类经堂建筑为原型,但在都纲法式、整体造型、屋顶构造等方面形成了鲜明的地域特征,是阿拉善地区独特的地域建筑遗产。Recent research has paid increasing attention to Tibetan Buddhist architecture in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Further examination of the origins and regional characteristics of this building type becomes a crucial step to assess its heritage values.This article focuses on the Tibetan Buddhist sutra halls in Alxa,extracts the prototypical features of the‘Yanfu Temple’type sutra halls,and analyses their origins,geographical dissemination,and regional characteristics through multi-dimensional archival research and a detailed comparative study.The study reveals that the‘Yanfu Temple’type exhibits a distinctive Han–Tibetan style,shaped by inter-tribal communications,religious contexts,and construction methods and craftsmanship in neighbouring regions.The‘Yanfu Temple’type originates from the Kumbum Monastery and associated temples of the Rongwo Monastery in Qinghai Province.However,it demonstrates distinctive regional characteristics in terms of the dugang-fashi(the common spatial configuration for the Buddha halls or sutra halls in Tibetan Buddhist temples),overall architectural style,and roof constructions,representing a unique type of regional architectural heritage in Alxa.

关 键 词：阿拉善地区 藏传佛教经堂 “延福寺”类型 比较研究 形制探源 

分 类 号：TU252[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU-87[艺术—艺术设计]