栖霞寺之枢:晚明栖霞寺舍利塔“朝向转变”的发现与解读  

The Pivot of Qixia Temple:Discovery and Interpretation of the‘Orientation Change’of Qixia Temple Stupa in the Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：蒋嘉元 Jiang Jiayuan(School of Architecture,Southeast University,Nanjing,210096)

机构地区：[1]东南大学建筑学院,南京210096

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2024年第4期1-9,共9页Heritage Architecture

摘　　要：作者通过考察历史照片与文献发现,南唐遗构栖霞寺舍利塔在晚明发生了一次“朝向转变”,这一变化虽看似细微,实则是栖霞寺整体格局变迁的重要转折点。文章聚焦于舍利塔“朝向转变”所折射出的历史背景和设计考量,首先对“朝向转变”的原因进行了探讨,通过梳理栖霞寺格局的变迁历史,揭示了明代重建时未沿用前代旧址及轴线的新格局是舍利塔“朝向转变”的根本原因;在此基础上,文章进一步对相关的营建活动进行了分析,指出“朝向转变”并非直接通过塔本体实现,而是通过其空间环境的一系列改造而实现并强化的,改造的同时还考虑到了塔身原有的图像配置及其重新利用。“转向”后的“旧塔”以新的功能和身份融入了“新寺”,整个过程可被视为对舍利塔的“二次设计”,反映出时人对处理新旧关系和利用既有建筑的思考。The Qixia Temple Stupa,a heritage building of the Southern Tang dynasty(937–975 CE),once underwent an‘orientation change’in 1547–1566 during the late Ming dynasty,as revealed by the historical images and literature.This seemingly small alteration is an important witness to the layout evolution of Qixia Temple.This article discusses the historical background and design considerations associated with the orientation change of the Stupa.It finds that the new temple building complex,reconstructed during the Ming dynasty(1368–1644)without using the previous site and axes is the fundamental reason for the Stupa’s orientation change.The article further examines the construction activities related to the orientation change,revealing that a series of modifications to its surroundings rather than to the Stupa itself led to and enhanced such changes,which also considered the original carvings of the Stupa and its subsequent reuse.Through this process,the Stupa was integrated into the‘new temple’with new functions and identity.This can be perceived as a‘redesign’of the Stupa,reflecting how ancient people addressed the relationship between the old and the new while making use of existing structures.

关 键 词：栖霞寺 舍利塔 朝向 格局变迁 新旧关系 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU252[历史地理—人文地理学] K928.75