2014—2023年武威市腹泻病例病原菌监测分析  

Monitoring and analysis of pathogen in patients with diarrhea in Wuwei form 2014 to 2023

作　　者：银菊香 周开春[1] 秦雪梅 YIN Ju-xiang;ZHOU Kai-chun;QIN Xue-mei(Wuwei Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuwei,Gansu 733000 China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省武威市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2025年第1期78-81,共4页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的了解2014—2023年甘肃省武威市腹泻细菌病原谱和流行特征,为防控武威市腹泻病提供科学依据。方法收集2014—2023年武威凉州医院腹泻患者粪便标本1469份,采用细菌分离培养、生化鉴定和血清学分型的方法检测志贺氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌和副溶血性弧菌。结果1469例腹泻患病例粪便中细菌检出率为4.77%,检出3种病原菌,包括56株沙门氏菌(3.81%)、13株志贺氏菌(0.88%)和1株大肠埃希氏菌(0.07%),未检出副溶性弧菌。56株沙门氏菌中12株未分出型,其他44株分为17种血清型,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌占比最高为21.43%(15/70)。志贺氏菌分型以福氏(10株)和宋内氏(3株)志贺菌为主。1例大肠埃希氏菌分型为致泻性大肠埃希氏菌。病原菌检出率夏季最高(7.71%)、秋季最低(1.82%),不同季节检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.075,P<0.05),不同年度(χ^(2)=15.211)、性别(χ^(2)=1.890)和年龄组(χ^(2)=1.174)病原菌检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论2014—2023年甘肃武威市细菌性腹泻夏季高发,以沙门氏菌感染为主;应在腹泻高发季节采取针对性的防控措施,同时提升病原菌分子血清鉴定能力。Objective To investigate the pathogenic spectrum and epidemic characteristics of diarrhea in Wuwei city from 2014 to 2023,and provide scientific basis for diarrhea prevention and control in Wuwei.Methods Totally 1469 fecal samples were collected from the patients with diarrhea in the hospitals of Liangzhou district in Wuwei city from 2014 to 2023.The pathogens of shigella,escherichia coli,salmonella and vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected with the methods of bacterial isolation and culture,biochemical identification and serological typing.Results The bacterial detection rate was 4.77%in 1469 fecal samples from diarrhea patients,with three types of pathogens including 56 salmonella strains,accounting for 3.81%,13 shigella strains,accounting for 0.88%,and 1 escherichia coli strain,accounting for 0.07%.There was no Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated.Among 56 salmonella strains,12 were not typed,and there were 17serotypes separated from other 44 strains.The proportion of salmonella typhimurium was 21.43%(15/70),the highest.The shigella flexneri(10 strains)and shigella sonnei(3 strains)were the main serotypes of shigella.Only one strain of escherichia coli was identified as diarrheagenic escherichia coli.The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was the highest in summer(7.71%)and the lowest in autumn(1.82%),with statistical difference among the detection rates in different seasons(χ^(2)=14.075,P<0.05).There were no statistical difference(P>0.05)among detection rates of pathogen in different years(χ^(2)=15.211),genders(χ^(2)=1.890),and age groups(χ^(2)=1.174).Conclusions The epidemic of bacterial diarrhea is high in summer in Wuwei city of Gansu province from 2014 to 2023,with mainly Salmonella infection.The target prevention and control measures for diarrhea should be carried out in the season with high incidence.Meanwhile,the ability of molecular and serological identification of pathogens should be improved.

关 键 词：腹泻 病原菌 检出率 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学] R574.62[医药卫生—临床医学]