人工智能迭代发展对财产犯罪刑事责任的影响  

The Influence of Iterative Development of Artificial Intelligence on Criminal Liability of Property Crimes

作　　者：刘宪权[1] Liu Xianquan(East China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2025年第2期33-44,共12页Journal of National Prosecutors College

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络时代的社会治理与刑法体系的理论创新”(20&ZD199)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人工智能迭代发展对财产犯罪刑事责任的影响主要包括:财产犯罪侵害的法益内容(财产权)的扩充与确定,财产犯罪行为类型增加与行为性质认定,相关财产犯罪(或涉财产犯罪)刑事责任的分配与转移。根据“劳动—占有理论”的要旨,劳动是创造并合法拥有财富的基础。普通人工智能机器人在本质上属于权利主体通过劳动创造并拥有财产的工具,而不能成为实施劳动的主体。以生成式人工智能为代表的弱人工智能机器人可以成为创造财产的主体(即劳动主体),只是因时下尚不具备权利主体资格而无法享有相关财产权。弱人工智能的发展会对传统财产权的权利主体、权利客体以及权利内容变化造成重大影响。在强人工智能时代,我们应当逐步承认强人工智能机器人的权利主体以及责任主体地位。人工智能技术的迭代发展加速了万物数字化的进程。人工智能时代将会出现财产犯罪的新型犯罪对象(数字财产权),以及新型社会关系(基于数字财产的新型财产权关系)。侵犯相关数字财产权的行为可能构成侵犯著作权罪或者财产类犯罪。The impact of the iterative development of artificial intlligence on the criminal liability of property crimes mainly includes:the expansion and determination of the legal interest content(property rights)of the property crime infringement,the increase of the types of property crimes and the identification of the nature of the behavior,and the distribution and transfer of the criminal liability of related property crimes(or propertyrelated crimes).According to the essence of the"labor-possession theory",labor is the basis for creating and legally owning wealth.In essence,ordinary artificial intelligence robots belong to the tools that the right subject creates and owns property through labor,and cannot become the subject of implementing labor.Weak artificial intelligence robots represented by generative artificial intelligence can become the subject of creating property(that is,the subject of labor),but they cannot enjoy the relevant property rights because they do not have the qualification of the subject of rights.The development of weak artificial intelligence will have a significant impact on the change of the right subject,right object and right content of traditional property rights.In the era of strong artificial intelligence,we should gradually recognize the rights and responsibilities of strong artificial intelligence robots.The iterative development of artificial intelligence technology has accelerated the process of digitization of everything.In the era of artificial intligence,there will be new criminal objects of property crimes(digital property rights)and new social relations(new property rights relations based on digital property).Violations of relevant digital property rights may constitute copyright infringement or property-related crimes.

关 键 词：人工智能迭代 财产权 财产犯罪 权利主体 责任主体 刑事责任 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]