健康权的私法内涵与规范供给  

The Private Law Connotation and Normative Supply of Right to Health

作　　者：温世扬[1] 刘景琪 Wen Shiyang;Liu Jingqi(the Law School of Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2025年第2期130-145,共16页Journal of National Prosecutors College

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字时代人格权益民法保护的挑战与应对研究”(23AFX020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》及相关司法解释推动了新时代健康权保护规范的更新,但因规范的笼统性存在权利边界不清晰、权能构造未臻完善、行为规范与救济路径供给不足等问题。健康权在公法和私法上的互动关系实为价值暗合之效果,私权边界的明晰需审视健康权与其他人格权益的关系,探寻“身心健康”的应有之义。健康权人对健康利益不享有支配权,健康维护权和劳动能力保持权本质上应归于消极权能,在行使方式上表现为停止侵害请求权和消除危险请求权。《民法典》人格权编第二章有关健康权保护的条文属于请求权基础的辅助规范,亦是针对侵权人设置的行为规范,应对之细化以明确适用对象和责任构成要件。在既有体系下确定健康权的侵权损害赔偿额时,还当考虑因惊吓损害、潜伏损害和生存机会丧失等理论对因果关系的证成,以明确责任范围。在一些违反健康权行为规范的场合,可以辅以合同法路径实现救济。The Civil Code and related judicial interpretations have promoted the updating of protection norms of the right to health in the new era.However,due to the generality of the norms,there are some problems,such as unstable boundary of rights,imperfect structure of power,unclear provision of norms of conduct and remedies.The interaction between the right to health in public law and private law is the effect of implicit value.To clarify the boundary of private right,it is necessary to examine the relationship between the right to health and other personal rights and interests,and explore the proper meaning of"physical and mental health".The right to health does not have the right to control the health interests.The right to health protection and the right to work capacity are essentially negative rights,which are manifested in the way of exercise as the right to stop infringement and the right to eliminate risks.The provisions on the protection of the right to health in the second chapter of the Personal Rights Book of the Civil Code belong to the auxiliary norms of the right of claim norms,and are also the norms of conduct set up for the infringer,which should be refined to clarify the applicable objects and the components of responsibility.When determining the amount of compensation for right to health tort damages under the existing system,it is also necessary to consider the proof of causality by theories such as shock damage,latent damage and loss of chance of life,so as to clarify the scope of liability.In some cases where the right to health code of conduct is violated,remedies can be achieved through an auxiliary contract law approach.

关 键 词：健康权 物质性人格权 消极权能 损害赔偿 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]